GNOME/文件

来自 Arch Linux 中文维基

文件GNOME的默认文件管理器。文件的目的是提供一种管理文件和应用的简化方法。

注意: 在3.6版本之前,文件叫做Nautilus,后来则对每种语言做了新的描述性名称。Nautilus这个名字仍然用在许多地方,如可执行文件名、软件包名、桌面条目和GSettings Schema等。


安装[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

安装nautilus软件包,此软件包是gnome包组组的一部分。见File manager functionality#附加功能[损坏的链接:无效的章节]

注意: 文件不依赖gnome-shell,只需要gnome-desktop

扩展[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

一些程序可以为文件增加额外的功能,例如下面这些来自官方软件仓库和AUR的软件包。

注意: 用Python编写的扩展需要Nautilus扩展API的Python绑定(python-nautilus包)。
  • File Manager Actions — Configures programs to be launched when files are selected in Nautilus (written in C)
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/filemanager-actions || filemanager-actions
  • Folder Color — A file browser extension for choosing the color of a folder (written in Python)
https://foldercolor.tuxfamily.org/ || folder-color-nautilusAUR
提示:This extension works only with these icon-themes which contain additional colored icons, eg:
numix-icon-theme-gitAUR, vibrancy-colorsAUR, humanity-icon-themeAUR, mint-x-iconsAUR
  • Nautilus Admin — Add to menu: "Open as administrator" or "Edit as administrator" (written in Python)
https://github.com/brunonova/nautilus-admin || nautilus-adminAUR
  • Nautilus Annotations — Annotate files and directories (written in C)
https://gitlab.gnome.org/madmurphy/nautilus-annotations/ || nautilus-annotationsAUR
  • Nautilus Bluetooth — Add to menu: "Send via Bluetooth" (written in C)
https://gitlab.gnome.org/madmurphy/nautilus-bluetooth/ || nautilus-bluetoothAUR
  • Nautilus Git — Nautilus/Nemo extension to add important information about the current git directory (written in Python)
https://github.com/bilelmoussaoui/nautilus-git || nautilus-ext-gitAUR
  • Nautilus Hide — Add to menu: "Hide"/"Unhide" (written in C)
https://gitlab.gnome.org/madmurphy/nautilus-hide/ || nautilus-hideAUR
  • Nautilus Launch — Nautilus extension to run executables and launchers via right-click menu (written in C)
https://gitlab.gnome.org/madmurphy/nautilus-launch || nautilus-launchAUR
  • Nautilus Metadata Editor — Nautilus extension with simple Metadata Editor for the following mime types: audio/x-mp3, audio/x-flac, audio/x-vorbis+ogg, audio/x-speex+ogg, audio/x-musepack, audio/x-wavpack, audio/x-tta, audio/x-aiff, audio/m4a, video/mp4, video/x-ms-asf (written in C and Vala)
https://gitlab.com/nvlgit/nautilus-metadata-editor-extension || nautilus-metadata-editorAUR
  • Nautilus SendTo — Files context menu for sending files (written in C)
https://gitlab.gnome.org/Archive/nautilus-sendto || nautilus-sendto
  • Nautilus Share — Nautilus extension to share folder using Samba (written in C)
https://gitlab.gnome.org/Archive/nautilus-share || nautilus-share
  • Nautilus Wipe — Nautilus extension to provide wiping integration (written in C)
https://wipetools.tuxfamily.org/nautilus-wipe.html || nautilus-wipeAUR
  • Seahorse Nautilus — PGP encryption and signing for Files (written in C)
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/seahorse-nautilus || seahorse-nautilus
提示:若要编写新的扩展,辅助脚本nextgenAUR可以让您轻松地设置GNOME文件的新扩展项目(默认使用C语言)。

安装自己Nautilus扩展的应用程序[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

以下应用默认安装自己的扩展,从而将其功能集成于Nautilus。

  • EasyTAG — EasyTAG is a simple application for viewing and editing tags in audio files; it supports MP3, MP2, MP4/AAC, FLAC, Ogg Opus, Ogg Speex, Ogg Vorbis, MusePack, Monkey's Audio, and WavPack files and works under Linux or Windows — The application includes a "Nautilus EasyTAG" extension (written in C)
https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/EasyTAG || easytag
  • Brasero — CD/DVD mastering tool — The application includes a "Nautilus Brasero" extension (written in C)
https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Brasero || brasero
  • Eiciel — GNOME file ACL editor — The application includes an "Eiciel Nautilus" extension that add graphical ACL editor into the file properties window (written in C++)
https://rofi.roger-ferrer.org/eiciel/ || eicielAUR
  • Evince — Document viewer (PDF, PostScript, XPS, djvu, dvi, tiff, cbr, cbz, cb7, cbt) — The application includes an "Evince Properties Page" extension for Nautilus (written in C)
https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Evince || evince
  • File Roller — An application for browsing archives — The application includes a "Nautilus FileRoller" extension (written in C)
https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/FileRoller || file-roller
  • GNOME Terminal — The GNOME Terminal Emulator — The application includes a "Terminal Nautilus" extension (written in C)
https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Terminal || gnome-terminal
  • Tilix — A tiling terminal emulator for GNU/Linux using GTK+ 3 — The application includes an extension for Nautilus which adds an "Open in Tilix" option to the context menu (written in Python)
https://github.com/gnunn1/tilix || tilix
注意: "Open in Tilix"扩展将python-nautilus软件包标记为可选依赖,但必须安装才能使用。


依赖非自由软件的扩展[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

一些GNOME 文件的扩展虽然免费/自由,但可能依赖于非自由软件,例如:

  • Code Nautilus — 用来在Visual Studio Code中打开文件和目录的Nautilus扩展(用Python编写)
https://github.com/cra0zy/code-nautilus || code-nautilus-gitAUR
  • JetBrains Nautilus — Nautilus extension to open files and directories in JetBrains Toolbox installed products (written in Python)
https://github.com/encounter/jetbrains-nautilus || jetbrains-nautilus-gitAUR

配置[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

文件很容易进行图形化配置,但并非所有选项都能在首选项中找到。更多选项可以使用dconf-editororg.gnome.nautilus中找到。

注意: 如果在GNOME桌面环境之外使用文件,则必须确保/usr/lib/gsd-xsettings正在运行,否则dconf设置不会在文件中应用。

桌面图标[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

GNOME#Icons on the desktop[损坏的链接:无效的章节]

改变默认项目视图[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

设置default-folder-viewer变量可以改变项目的默认视图,如设为列表视图:

$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences default-folder-viewer 'list-view'

按类型排序[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

若要默认用类型排序所有文件夹中的文件:

$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences default-sort-order 'type'

从侧边栏移除文件夹[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

~/.config/user-dirs.dirs中指定了侧边栏显示的文件夹,可以用文本编辑器修改。执行xdg-user-dirs-update会改变文件,因此最好将文件权限设为只读。

始终显示文本文件路径[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

文件工具栏默认显示用于路径导航的按钮栏界面。若要用键盘输入路径,则需按Ctrl+l显示文本路径栏。

若要始终以文本路径栏显示,可以使用以下gsettings命令:

$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences always-use-location-entry true
注意: 改变此设置后将无法再显示按钮栏,只有把值设为false时才能同时使用两种路径栏。

提示与技巧[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

缩略图[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

File manager functionality#缩略图预览[损坏的链接:无效的章节]

注意:linux-hardened中,缩略图会生成失败(所有缩略图都在~/.cache/thumbnails/fail/目录中),这是由于非特权用户的命名空间因为安全原因在该内核上默认禁用。Nautilus使用bwrap (由bubblewrap提供)对缩略图进行沙盒处理。可以用bubblewrap-suid替换bubblewrap。详见Security#Sandboxing applications

有时会无法显示视频缩略图。若要解决此问题(正如No video thumbnails on nautilus),必须安装ffmpegthumbnailergst-libavgst-plugins-ugly并移除~/.cache/thumbnails/fail/里的内容。

用右键菜单创建新文档[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

若要使用此选项,请在您的主文件夹中创建一个~/Templates/(模板)文件夹,并通过终端touch ~/Templates/new或任何文件管理器在该文件夹中放置一个空文件,然后重新启动文件。

在非英语系统中,模板目录的名称可能不同。可以用xdg-user-dir TEMPLATES找到实际目录。

可以在~/.config/user-dirs.dirs文件中配置模板目录。

XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/some/path"

隐藏文件[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

GNOME文件和大部分文件管理器一样,默认隐藏名称以“.”开头的文件。

GNOME Files additionally hides files when their names are listed in a .hidden file in the same directory (one filename per line). See nautilus-hideAUR for an extension that facilitates adding/removing entries from such .hidden files.

在Tilix中打开当前路径[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

If you are using tilix terminal you can easily add "Open in Tilix" option to the context menu of GNOME Files by installing its optional dependency python-nautilus.

将文件夹加入书签[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

若要将文件夹添加到你的书签中,只需在Nautilus中打开该文件夹,并按Ctrl+d。请注意,书签列表与其它基于GNOME的图形化文件管理器(如Nemo)共享,因此在其中增减的文件夹也会影响到其它文件管理器中的书签。

自定义脚本[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

位于~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts的脚本可以运行于文件的右键关联菜单。

The context menu can also be organized into subfolders, e.g. ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/images and ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/music.

Scripts have access to the following environment variables:

NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS
NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS
NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI
NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_WINDOW_GEOMETRY

一些脚本示例:

~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/open-terminal-here
#!/bin/sh
gnome-terminal
~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/remove-extension
#!/bin/sh
echo "$NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS" | while read -r filename; do
    mv -n "$filename" "${filename%.*}"
done
注意: Make sure the scripts are marked as executable. You may have to restart nautilus with nautilus -q for them to show up.

Keybinds[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

Keybinds to execute scripts can be assigned in the ~/.config/nautilus/scripts-accels file:

; Example Keybinds
; Modifiers: <Control> <Alt> <Shift>
F4 open-terminal-here
<Alt>x remove-extension
注意: You cannot overwrite any pre-existing nautilus keybinds.

疑难解答[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

文件已不再是默认文件管理器[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

这可能是因为重置了路径的文件关联,安装anjutaAUR往往会造成这种情况。

若要解决此问题,打开文件,右键点击一个文件夹,然后选择使用其它程序打开 > 文件 > 选择,就会把路径的关联设回文件。

若没有解决此问题,见File manager functionality#目录未在文件管理器中打开[损坏的链接:无效的章节]

每次复制操作后都会卡几秒[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

如果系统中安装了kdeconnect,问题可能来自其文件共享模块,停用文件共享即可。

打不开Google Drive[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

可能是因为没有全部安装以下软件包:

全部安装即可。