Codecs and containers

自維基百科Wikipedia, "編解碼器（英語：codec）指的是一個能夠對一個信號或者一個數據流進行編解碼操作的設備或者程序。."

一般來說，編解碼器被多媒體應用程式用來對音頻或視頻流進行編碼或解碼。為了播放編碼後的數據流，用戶必須確保安裝了適當的編解碼器。

這篇文章只關於編解碼器及程式後端；見List of applications/Multimedia 以列舉音視頻播放器的選擇如(MPlayer, mpv 和 VLC)

需求[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

播放常見的媒體需要

一個播放器
一個編解碼器

如果有了媒體播放器，不一定非要安裝編解碼器。例如，MPlayer 就內置了大量編解碼器。

編解碼器列表[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

音頻[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

見Wikipedia:Comparison of audio coding formats.

無損音頻編解碼器[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

Apple Lossless (ALAC) — 由蘋果公司開發的無損音頻壓縮編解碼器，部署在其所有的平台和設備上。

https://alac.macosforge.org/ || alac-git^AUR

FLAC — 自由的音頻編解碼器

https://xiph.org/flac/ || flac^包

WavPack — 無損的音頻壓縮格式，同時也有有損的hybrid mode.

https://www.wavpack.com/ || wavpack^包

有損音頻編解碼器[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

格式		編碼器	解碼器
AAC		#AAC
ATSC A/52		aften^AUR	a52dec^包
CELT		celt^AUR
MPEG-1			libmad^包
MPEG-1	MP3	lame^包	libmad^包
Musepack (MPC)		– ¹	libmpcdec^包
Opus		opus^包
Vorbis		libvorbis^包
語音編解碼器
AMR		opencore-amr^包
Speex		speex^包

mppenc 沒有打包。

CELT — 開源、無專利的有損編解碼器，特點是低延遲。

http://www.celt-codec.org/ || celt^AUR

LAME — MP3 編碼器、可視化框架分析。

https://lame.sourceforge.io/ || lame^包

liba52 — 解碼 ATSC A/52 (Dolby Digital) 流（有損）的自由庫。

https://liba52.sourceforge.io/ || a52dec^包

libdca — 編碼 DTS 相干聲學流（DTS Coherent Acoustics streams）的自由庫。

https://www.videolan.org/developers/libdca.html || libdca^包

MAD — 高品質 MPEG 音頻解碼器。

https://www.underbit.com/products/mad/ || libmad^包

Musepack (MPC) — 開源有損音頻編解碼器，為 transparency 而設計。

https://musepack.net/ || libmpcdec^包

opencore-amr — 自適應多速率（Adaptive Multi Rate，AMR）語音解碼器的開源實現。

https://sourceforge.net/projects/opencore-amr/ || opencore-amr^包

Opus — 開源無專利音頻編解碼器，為語音和通用音頻而設計，低延遲。

https://www.opus-codec.org/ || opus^包

Speex — 為語音設計的無專利有損音頻壓縮格式。

https://www.speex.org/ || speex^包

Vorbis — 開源無專利有損音頻編解碼器。

https://xiph.org/vorbis/ || libvorbis^包

AAC[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

自 Wikipedia:

高級音頻編碼（Advanced Audio Coding，AAC）是為數字音頻壓縮而設計的專有音頻編碼格式。作為 MP3 格式的繼任者，AAC在相同採樣率下音質一般優於 MP3。

FAAC — 專有 AAC 音頻解碼器。

http://faac.sourceforge.net/ || faac^包

FAAD2 — ISO AAC 音頻解碼器。

http://faac.sourceforge.net/ || faad2^包

Fraunhofer FDK AAC — AAC 編碼器的 OpenCORE 框架實現。該庫經 Fraunhofer AAC 編解碼器修改而來。

https://sourceforge.net/projects/opencore-amr/ || libfdk-aac^包 (codec library) fdkaac^包 (CLI frontend for libfdk-aac)

Nero AAC — Nero AAC reference quality MPEG-4 and 3GPP audio codec. (deprecated)

https://www.nero.com/ || neroaac-bin^AUR

圖像編解碼器[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

JasPer — 新興的 JPEG-2000 Part-1 標準編解碼器的軟體實現。

https://www.ece.uvic.ca/~frodo/jasper/ || jasper^包

OpenJPEG — 開源 JPEG 2000 編解碼器。

https://www.openjpeg.org/ || openjpeg^AUR

WebP — 適用於有損與無損壓縮的圖像格式服務。目前由 Google 開發。

https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/ || libwebp^包

AV1 Image File Format (AVIF) — 基於 AV1 視頻編解碼器的圖像實現。

https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif || libavif^包

High Efficiency Image File Format (HEIF) — 基於 HEVC 編解碼器的圖像格式。通常使用 HEIC 容器。

https://github.com/strukturag/libheif || libheif^包

視頻編解碼器[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

另見 Wikipedia:Comparison of video codecs。

格式	編解碼器庫
AV1	aom^包, dav1d^包 (decode), rav1e^包 (encode), svt-av1^包
AVS2	davs2^AUR (decode)
Daala	daala-git^AUR
Dirac	schroedinger^包
DV	libdv^包
H.265	x265^包, x265-hg^AUR
H.265	libde265^包, libde265-git^AUR
H.264	x264^包, x264-git^AUR
MPEG-1	libmpeg2^包 (decode)
MPEG-2	libmpeg2^包 (decode)
MPEG-4	Xvid (xvidcore^包)
Theora	libtheora^包
VP8, VP9	libvpx^包, libvpx-git^AUR

AV1 — AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) 是 Google's VP9、Mozilla's Daala、Cisco's Thor 編解碼器的繼任者。「aom」是編解碼器的參考實現，「dav1d」是注重性能的編解碼器，「rav1e」是注重性能的解碼器。Most benchmark show better performances with svt-av1 than rav1e.

https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-spec/ || aom^包, dav1d^包, rav1e^包, svt-av1^包

Daala — Research video codec under development by the Xiph.Org Foundation and sponsored by the Mozilla Foundation. The goal of the project is to provide a free to implement, use and distribute digital media format and reference implementation with technical performance superior to h.265.

https://www.xiph.org/daala/ || daala-git^AUR

libde265 — Open source implementation of the h.265 video codec.

https://github.com/strukturag/libde265 || libde265^包

libdv — The Quasar DV codec (libdv) is a software codec for DV video.

http://libdv.sourceforge.net/ || libdv^包

libmpeg2 — Library for decoding MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video streams.

https://libmpeg2.sourceforge.io/ || libmpeg2^包

Schrödinger — Advanced royalty-free video compression format designed for a wide range of uses, from delivering low-resolution web content to broadcasting HD and beyond, to near-lossless studio editing.

https://launchpad.net/schroedinger/ || schroedinger^包

Theora — Open video codec developed by the Xiph.org.

https://www.theora.org/ || libtheora^包

VP9 — High-quality, open video format for the web that's freely available to everyone. Improved version of earlier VP8 codec.

https://www.webmproject.org || libvpx^包

x264 — Free library for encoding H264/AVC video streams.

https://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html || x264^包

x265 — Open-source project and free application library for encoding video streams into the H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) format.

https://www.x265.org/ || x265^包

Xvid — Open source MPEG-4 video codec.

https://www.xvid.com/ || xvidcore^包

容器格式工具[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

另見 Wikipedia:Comparison of video container formats。

MKVToolNix — Set of tools to create, edit and inspect Matroska files.

https://mkvtoolnix.download/ || mkvtoolnix-cli^包, mkvtoolnix-gui^包

MP4Joiner — A collection of GUI tools to manipulate MP4 files (MP4Joiner, MP4Splitter).

https://www.mp4joiner.org/ || mp4joiner^AUR

OGMtools — Information, extraction or creation for OGG media streams.

https://www.bunkus.org/videotools/ogmtools || ogmtools^包

後端[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

GStreamer[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

From https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/:

GStreamer is a library for constructing graphs of media-handling components. The applications it supports range from simple Ogg/Vorbis playback, audio/video streaming to complex audio (mixing) and video (non-linear editing) processing.

Simply, GStreamer is a backend or framework utilized by many media applications. See GStreamer article.

xine[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

From https://sourceforge.net/projects/xine/:

xine is a free multimedia player. It plays back CDs, DVDs, BluRays and VCDs. It also decodes multimedia files like AVI, MOV, WMV, and MP3 from local disk drives, and displays multimedia streamed over the Internet.

As an alternative to GStreamer, many media players can be configured to utilize the xine backend provided by xine-lib^包.

Note that the xine project itself provides a capable video player, xine-ui^包.

libavcodec[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

libavcodec is part of the FFmpeg project. It includes a large number of video and audio codecs. The libavcodec codecs are included with media players such as MPlayer and VLC, so you may not need to install the ffmpeg^包 package itself.

疑難解答[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

No H264, mpg4 or Musepack (.mpc) in Totem Player[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

If you see the "The H264 plugin is missing" warning with Totem media player, 安裝 gst-libav^包.

No H264 in Parole Player[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

If you see the "Parole needs H.264 decoder to play this file" warning with Parole media player, 安裝 gst-libav^包.