文件管理器功能

相關文章

• PCManFM
• Thunar
• Window manager
• Desktop environment
• Udisks

翻譯狀態：

• 本文（或部分內容）是 File_manager_functionality 的翻譯，最近一次同步的日期是 2015-04-06，如果英文版本有所更改，則您可以幫助同步翻譯更改的內容。
• 您可以在ArchWiki 的對應頁面找到本文翻譯的原始編輯記錄和貢獻者列表。

本文介紹擴展文件管理器功能的相關軟體，特別是使用窗口管理器如Openbox的時候。還提供了在沒有密碼的情況下訪問分區和可移動媒體的能力（如果受到影響）。

概要

注意： 安裝後, 下面列出的軟體包將自動由所有已安裝且功能強大的文件管理器, 以及所有的桌面環境和/或窗口管理器提供

單獨的文件管理器將不會提供完整的桌面環境如Xfce或KDE的那些用戶習慣的特性和功能。這是因為需要額外的軟體包才能使給定的文件管理器能夠:

• 顯示和訪問其他分區
• 顯示、掛載和訪問可移動媒體(例如USB記憶棒，光碟和數位相機)
• 啟用或分享與其他已安裝的作業系統的網絡
• 啟用縮略圖
• 歸檔和提取壓縮文件
• 自動掛載可移動媒體

當文件管理器作為完整桌面環境的一部分安裝時，通常會自動安裝大多數的這些軟體包。 因此，在為獨立的窗口管理器安裝文件管理器的情況下——就像窗口管理器本身一樣——只提供基本的支持。那麼用戶必須確認要添加的特性和功能的性質和範圍。

附加功能

特別是在使用或打算使用輕量級環境的地方，應當注意更多的文件管理器的特性和功能通常意味著使用更多的內存。參見udisks。

掛載

• gvfs^包: Gnome虛擬文件系統(gvfs)提供掛載和回收站功能。GVFS使用udisks2^包來提供掛載功能，是大多數文件管理器推薦的解決方案。

提示：對於某些文件管理器，安裝軟體包gamin^AUR可能很管用。Gamin是一個文件和目錄監控系統。

GVFS使用的文件夾：

• /usr/lib/gvfs/包含gvfsd-*文件, 其中*表示支持各種文件系統類型。
• /usr/share/gvfs/mounts/包含GVFS股災規則。要使用自己的規則，請創建~/.gvfs/mounts。

安裝附加安裝包通常遵循如下gvfs-* pattern模式，例如：

• gvfs-afc^包: 蘋果行動裝置
• gvfs-mtp^包: 媒體播放器和行動裝置使用MTP
• gvfs-gphoto2^包: 數位相機和行動裝置使用PTP

文件管理守護程序

第一種是簡單地以守護進程daemon模式自動啟動或運行已安裝的文件管理器(即作為後台進程)。例如，在Openbox中使用PCManFM時，以下命令將添加到 ~/.config/openbox/autostart 文件中：

pcmanfm -d &

還需要在卷管理方面配置文件管理器本身(例如，當安裝時檢測到某些文件類型時，它將執行什麼操作以及將啟動哪些應用程式)。

提示：Most desktop environments will start the file manager in daemon mode by default so manual intervention will not be required in these use cases.

獨立

Another option is to install a separate mount application. The advantages of using this are:

• Less memory may be required to run as a background / daemon process than a file manager
• It is not file manager specific, allowing them to be freely added, removed, and switched
• gvfs^包 may not have to be installed for mounting, lessening memory use.

網絡

注意： It will also be necessary to enable Bluetooth and/or networking with Windows to enable the relevant file manager functionality in turn.

• obexfs^{AUR[損壞的連結：package not found]}: Bluetooth device mounting and file transfers (see Bluetooth)
• gvfs-smb^包: Windows File and printer sharing for Non-KDE desktops (see Samba)
• kdenetwork-filesharing^包: Windows File and printer sharing for KDE (see Samba#KDE)
• gvfs-afp^{包[損壞的連結：replaced by gvfs包]}: Apple file and printer sharing
• sshfs^包: FUSE client based on the SSH File Transfer Protocol

Windows 訪問

If using gvfs-smb^包, to access Windows/CIFS/Samba file shares first open the file manager, and enter the following into the path name, changing <sever name> and <share name> as appropriate:

smb://<server name>/<share name>

Apple 訪問

If using gvfs-afc^包, to access AFP files first open the file manager, and enter the following into the path name, changing <sever name> and <share name> as appropriate:

afp://<server name>/<share name>

縮略圖預覽

Some file managers may not support thumbnailing, even when the packages listed have been installed. Check the documentation for the relevant file manager.

Dolphin 和 Konqueror 以外的文件管理器

These packages apply to most file managers, such as PCManFM, SpaceFM, Thunar and xfe^AUR. The exceptions are Dolphin and Konqueror, used in the KDE desktop environment.

• tumbler^包: Image files. This must also be installed to expand thumbnailing capabilities to other file types
• poppler-glib^包: Adobe .pdf files
• ffmpegthumbnailer^包: Video files
• freetype2^包: Font files
• libgsf^包: .odf files
• raw-thumbnailer^AUR: .raw files

Dolphin and Konqueror (KDE)

See Dolphin#File previews.

解壓文件

To extract compressed files such as tarballs (.tar and .tar.gz) within a file manager, it will first be necessary to install a GUI archiver such as file-roller^包. See List of applications#Archiving and compression tools for further information. An additional package such as unzip^包 must also be installed to support the use of zipped .zip files. Once an archiver has been installed, files in the file manager may consequently be right-clicked to be archived or extracted.

NTFS 讀/寫 支持

見 NTFS-3G 文章.

桌面通知

Some file managers make use of desktop notifications to confirm various events and statuses like mounting, unmounting and ejection of removable media.

在不同的文件系統上開啟回收站功能 (外部驅動器)

Make trash directories .Trash-<uid> for each users on the top level of filesystems:

For example (mount point: /media/sdc1, uid: 1000, gid: 1000):

# mkdir /media/sdc1/.Trash-1000

and chown them:

# chown 1000:1000 /media/sdc1/.Trash-1000

故障排除

"Not Authorized" 嘗試掛載驅動時

File managers using udisks require a polkit authentication agent. See polkit#Authentication agents.

訪問分區所需的密碼

The need to enter a password to access other partitions or mounted removable media will likely be due to the default permission settings of udisks2^包. More specifically, permission may be set to the root account only, not the user account. See Udisks#Configuration for details.

目錄未在文件管理器中打開

You may find that an application that is not a file manager, Audacious for example, is set as the default application for opening directories — an application that specifies that it can handle the inode/directory MIME type in its desktop entry can become the default. You can query the default application for opening directories with the following command:

$ xdg-mime query default inode/directory

To ensure that directories are opened in the file manager, run the following command:

$ xdg-mime default my_file_manager.desktop inode/directory

where my_file_manager.desktop is the desktop entry for your file manager — org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop for example.

提示：If you want the change to be system-wide, run the command above as root or create/edit the following file:

/usr/share/applications/mimeapps.list

[Default Applications]
inode/directory=my_file_manager.desktop