Pantheon
Pantheon 是linux發行版 elementary os 的默認桌面環境。由開發者使用vala語言和gtk3工具包編寫完成,高效並且易於使用。用戶界面上,與GNOME-shell和Mac OS X多有相似之處。
安裝[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Pantheon桌面環境目前不由archlinux官方維護,要在archlinux安裝使用Pantheon桌面環境可以向系統添加三方維護的軟件源,並從該軟件源安裝相關軟件包,將以下代碼添加到軟件源列表(需要管理員權限) /etc/pacman.conf
:(每日構建版本)
[pantheon] SigLevel = Optional Server = http://pkgbuild.com/~alucryd/$repo/$arch
當然,如果喜歡也可以選擇自己編譯這些軟件包,相關的軟件包源碼都可以直接從 AUR 系統找到.
如果只是向體驗基礎的Pantheon用戶界面.可以安裝pantheon-session-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found],這將自動安裝以下軟件包:
- cerbere-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: 進程守護程序
- gala-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: 窗口管理器
- wingpanel-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: 頂部面板組件
- slingshot-launcher-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: 頂部面板應用程式菜單
- plank-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: 地步Dock程序啟動器
當然,要獲取更完美的Pantheon桌面體驗,還請同時安裝以下軟件包:
- audience-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Video player
- contractor-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Service for sharing data between apps
- dexter-contacts-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Contacts manager (does not build)
- eidete-bzrAUR: Simple screencaster
- elementary-icon-theme-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: elementary icons
- elementary-scan-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Simple scan utility (does not build)
- elementary-wallpapers-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: elementary wallpaper collection
- gtk-theme-elementary-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: elementary GTK theme
- feedler-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: RSS feeds reader (does not build)
- footnote-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Note taking app
- geary包: Email client
- indicator-pantheon-session-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Session indicator
- lightdm-pantheon-greeter-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: LightDM greeter
- maya-calendar-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Calendar
- midori-granite-bzrAUR: Web browser
- noise-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Audio player
- pantheon-backgrounds-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Wallpaper collection
- pantheon-calculator-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Calculator
- pantheon-default-settings-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Pantheon default's settings (appearance, etc.)
- pantheon-files-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: File explorer
- pantheon-notify-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Notification daemon
- pantheon-print-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Print settings
- pantheon-terminal-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Terminal emulator
- plank-theme-pantheon-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Pantheon theme for plank
- scratch-text-editor-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Text editor
- snap-photobooth-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Webcam app
- switchboard-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Settings manager
推薦安裝以下字體包來獲取最佳桌面體驗:
- ttf-opensans包: Open Sans Fonts
- ttf-raleway-font-familyAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]: Raleway Font Family
- ttf-dejavu包: Font family based on the Bitstream Vera Fonts
- ttf-droid包: General-purpose fonts released by Google as part of Android
- gnu-free-fonts包: Set of free outline fonts covering the Unicode character set
- ttf-liberation包: Red Hats Liberation fonts
補充信息[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Packages based on older evolution-data-server[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
dexter-contacts-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found] and feedler-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found] do not build because they are based on evolution-data-server 3.2. Arch Linux provides version 3.10 which uses a different Vala API.
啟用Pantheon桌面[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
使用顯示伺服器啟動[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
pantheon-session-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found] provides a session entry for display managers such as gdm包 or lightdm包.
通過 .xinitrc 啟動[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
你也可以用 ~/.xinitrc
啟動Pantheon。這段代碼將能夠成功啟動Pantheon:
#!/bin/sh if [ -d /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d ]; then for f in /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/*; do [ -x "$f" ] && . "$f" done unset f fi gsettings-data-convert & xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update & /usr/lib/polkit-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 & /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon & /usr/lib/gnome-user-share/gnome-user-share & eval $(gnome-keyring-daemon --start --components=pkcs11,secrets,ssh,gpg) export GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL GNOME_KEYRING_PID GPG_AGENT_INFO SSH_AUTH_SOCK exec cerbere
dconf-editor
and should look like this. Remember do not run dconf-editor as root, use your local username.Autostart applications[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Pantheon, when launched via ~/.xinitrc
, does not support XDG autostart. However, there are 3 other ways to achieve this for applications which do not provide a systemd unit:
- You may add any program to your
~/.xinitrc
, preferably right before the exec cerbere line. This is the better choice for one-shot programs. - Or you may edit the
org.pantheon.cerbere.monitored-processes
key using dconf-editor and add the programs of your choice. This method is best for applications which keep running in the background. - Or you may use a program like dapperAUR, dex-gitAUR, or fbautostartAUR to add support for XDG autostart in your
~/.xinitrc
.
Configuration[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Configuring Pantheon is done via switchboard-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found] and its plugs, most are available in the AUR and the custom repo. All pantheon settings can also be altered via dconf, they are located in the org.pantheon
key. Use dconf-editor for easy editing.
Part of the configuration is handled by gnome-control-center包 via a dedicated plug, which unfortunately only supports GNOME up to 3.6. Use gnome-control-center包 itself and gnome-tweak-tool包[損壞的連結:replaced by gnome-tweaks包] instead.
Pantheon Files[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
If you want to enable context menu entries such as for file-roller包 to extract/compress archives, then you have to additionally install contractor-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found].
Terminal[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Opacity (transparency)[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
You can set a certain opacity to make Pantheon Terminal (semi-)transparent. Open dconf-editor
and go to org.pantheon.terminal.settings.opacity
to set your desired opacity.
Known Issues[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Indicators not working in wingpanel[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Make sure the /etc/xdg/autostart/indicator-[name].desktop file contains Pantheon inside OnlyShowIn=
OnlyShowIn=Unity;XFCE;GNOME;Pantheon;
- Indicator support itself is a complex issue, due to standards discrepancies between Ubuntu and Gnome's implementation of KDE's status notification indicators.
- The pantheon devs are working on a number of their own indicators for wingpanel.
[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
- indicator-session-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]
This version of indicator-session relies on dbus methods native to Unity for most of its functions; it can be made to work by patching out the use of Unity dialogs, such as in indicator-session-pantheon-bzr[失效連結 2020-08-04 ⓘ]
This version of indicator-session fails to interact with the session manager somehow; a (crudely hacked) version that uses systemd/logind instead is available indicator-session-systemdAUR[損壞的連結:package not found]
About This Computer, Lock and Sound Settings (indicator-soundAUR or indicator-sound-pantheon-bzr[失效連結 2020-08-04 ⓘ]) rely on gnome components that may not be installed, such as gnome-control-center and gnome-screensaver.
For Lock functionality (including "Ctrl+L" hotkey), replace gnome-screensaver with light-locker or XScreenSaver and a script that emulates the gnome-screensaver dbus.
No transparency in pantheon-terminal[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Transparency in pantheon-terminal is not yet fully functional with GTK themes other than the elmentaryOS theme. Either use gtk-theme-elementary包 or add this code to your theme.
White icons in pantheon-files[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Currently there seems to be a bug which displays the view icons in the top location in a white colour instead of black. This can be fixed by installing gtk-theme-elementary-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found] or adding the following line to gtk-widgets.css
or gtk-widgets.css
of your gtk-theme-elementary包 theme:
GtkToolItem { color: @text_color; }
Wingpanel is transparent[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Wingpanel is transparent by design when using the elementary GTK theme. It becomes black when a maximized window occupies your screen. However, using other GTK themes will produce a solid panel most of the time.
Corrupted graphics in canonical indicators[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Indicators behave incorrectly with every theme I have tried. They are very ancient, all of them date back to 2012 because the newer indicators depend on Ubuntu patches, and they should be killed with fire anyway. Wingpanel is doing just that and I hope the next major release will ship their new plugin system.
Cannot interact with the LightDM Pantheon greeter[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
You need to delete /var/lib/lightdm/.pam_environment
. Do note however that this file is a workaround for the following LightDM bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-greeter/+bug/1024482
Troubleshooting[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Gala crashes on start[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
It appears that unconfigured gala tries to use default gnome wallpaper as a background. However, the corresponding file is absent unless you have gnome-themes-standard包[損壞的連結:package not found] installed. Thus, install gnome-themes-standard包[損壞的連結:package not found] to workaround the crash. It is safe to remove this package after you configure pantheon in a way you want.
How can I add new applications to the dock?[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Either drag and drop a desktop file on it, or right click on a running application and select "Keep in dock". You can then reorder icons by drag and drop.
How can I change the default appearance such as GTK theme, font size, etc?[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
Use gnome-tweak-tool包[損壞的連結:replaced by gnome-tweaks包] or see GTK+.
I do not have any mouse cursor[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
The 'gala' window manager is most likely not running. #通過 .xinitrc 啟動 Add 'gala' to the list of cerbere's monitored processes.
Wingpanel is empty except for Applications[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
The indicators that are displayed in the wingpanel are split into separate packages. #安裝 Install additional indicators such as wingpanel-indicator-datetime-bzrAUR[損壞的連結:package not found], indicator-powerAUR[損壞的連結:package not found] or indicator-soundAUR.