這個頁面用表格展示一些流行的 Linux 發行版包管理器命令的對應關係。這是受到 openSUSE's Software Management Command Line Comparison 的啟發而成的。
提示：Arch 用戶在臨時處理其他發行版時可以用
pacapt，它是對其它包管理器的簡單包裝。
| 行為 |
Arch |
Red Hat/Fedora |
Debian/Ubuntu |
SLES/openSUSE |
Gentoo
|
| 搜索軟件包（們）。 What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. |
pacman -Ss |
dnf search |
apt search |
zypper search 或 zypper se [-s] |
emerge --search (-s)
或 emerge --searchdesc (-S)
|
| 按照包名安裝軟件包（們） |
pacman -S |
dnf install |
apt install |
zypper install 或 zypper in |
emerge
|
| 獲取源碼包（們）並構建依賴 |
makepkg -s PKGBUILD |
dnf builddep |
apt build-dep |
zypper source-install (zypper si) 或 zypper install -d |
emerge,或explicitly emerge --with-bdeps
|
| 不進行實際操作，只輸出操作目標
|
pacman --print (或 -p) |
dnf --setopt=tsflags=test |
apt --simulate (or -s, --dry-run, --just-print) |
zypper --dry-run |
emerge --pretend (-p)
|
| 切換是否手動確認
|
pacman --confirm 或 pacman --noconfirm |
dnf --assumeyes (-y) 或 dnf --assumeno |
apt --yes (-y) |
zypper --non-interactive (-n) 或 zypper --no-confirm (-y) |
emerge --ask (-a)
|
| 刷新本地軟件包數據庫 |
pacman -Sy (見 the warnings about partial updates) |
dnf check-update或dnf makecache |
apt update |
zypper refresh 或 zypper ref |
emerge --sync
|
| 升級軟件包 - 安裝已經有舊版本安裝的軟件包 |
pacman -Syu |
dnf upgrade |
apt upgrade |
zypper update 或 zypper up |
emerge -[a]uDN @world
|
| 升級軟件包 -另一種的升級命令, 可以完成更複雜的升級 -- 比如發行版升級. 當普通的更新命令會忽略軟件包更新時,包括依賴關係的一些變化使用這個命令可以進行更新. |
pacman -Syu |
dnf distro-sync |
apt dist-upgrade |
zypper dup |
emerge -[a]uDN @world
|
| 按照包名移除軟件包（們）及其所有依賴 |
pacman -Rs |
dnf remove |
apt autoremove |
zypper remove 或 zypper rm |
emerge --depclean (-c)
|
| 按照包名移除軟件包（們）及其配置文件
|
pacman -Rn |
? |
apt purge |
? |
n/a
|
| 按照包名移除軟件包（們）及其所有依賴和配置文件 |
pacman -Rns |
? |
apt autoremove --purge |
? |
n/a
|
| 移除不再被需要的依賴(orphans), 例如 需要某個依賴的軟件包已被移除 |
pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs - (-Qdttq to also remove optional deps) |
dnf autoremove |
apt autoremove |
zypper rm -u (just for removing a package) 或 zypper packages --unneeded (listing only and without recursion) |
emerge --depclean (-c)
|
| 移除所有不再處於任何倉庫的軟件包 |
pacman -Qmq | pacman -Rs - |
dnf repoquery --extras |
aptitude purge '~o' |
|
?
|
| 將先前作為依賴被安裝的軟件包標記為明確的安裝 |
pacman -D --asexplicit |
dnf mark install |
apt-mark manual |
zypper install --force (workaround which needs to reinstall the package) |
emerge --select (-w)
|
| 將軟件包作為依賴被安裝 / 並不明確的標記為 required |
pacman -S --asdeps |
dnf install and then dnf mark remove |
apt-mark auto |
n/a (feature request) |
emerge --oneshot (-1)
|
| 僅下載指定的軟件包而不解包或安裝 |
pacman -Sw |
dnf download |
apt install --download-only (into the package cache) 或 apt download (bypass the package cache) |
zypper --download-only |
emerge --fetchonly (-f)
|
| 清理本地所有緩存。可以使用選項顯示實際清理的內容 |
pacman -Sc或pacman -Scc |
dnf clean all |
apt autoclean removes only unneeded, obsolete information或apt clean |
zypper clean |
eclean distfiles
|
| 打開一個Shell來在一個會話裡輸入多個命令
|
|
dnf shell |
|
zypper shell |
|
| 顯示關於軟件包管理行為的日誌 |
read /var/log/pacman.log |
dnf history |
read /var/log/dpkg.log |
read /var/log/zypp/history |
read /var/log/portage
|
| Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves或similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML. (Note: Why either-or here? No tool offers the option to choose the output format.) |
見 /var/lib/pacman/local |
見 /var/lib/rpm/Packages |
apt-cache stats |
|
emerge --info
|
| 通過電子郵件發送軟件包的變更
|
|
|
apt install apt-listchanges |
|
eselect news read
|
| Action |
Arch |
Red Hat/Fedora |
Debian/Ubuntu |
SLES/openSUSE |
Gentoo
|
| 顯示關於一個軟件包的全部或者大多數信息。針對默認命令，每個根據的信息詳細程度各不相同。但通過選項，各個工具可以達到大致相同的詳細程度。 |
pacman -Si或pacman -Qi |
dnf list 或 dnf info |
apt show 或 apt-cache policy |
zypper info或zypper if |
emerge -S, emerge -pv或eix
|
| 顯示本地軟件包信息：名稱、版本、描述等等 |
pacman -Qi |
rpm -qi / dnf info installed |
dpkg -s 或 aptitude show |
zypper info或rpm -qi |
emerge -pv或emerge -S
|
| 顯示遠端軟件包信息：名稱、版本、描述等等 |
pacman -Si |
dnf info |
apt-cache show 或 aptitude show |
zypper info |
emerge -pv and emerge -S或equery meta
|
| 顯示由本地軟件包提供的文件 |
pacman -Ql |
rpm -ql |
dpkg -L |
rpm -ql |
equery files或qlist
|
| 顯示由遠端軟件包提供的文件
|
pacman -Fl |
dnf repoquery -l或repoquery -l (from package yum-utils) |
apt-file list |
|
pfl
|
| 查詢擁有某個文件的軟件包 |
pacman -Qo |
rpm -qf (installed only)或dnf provides (everything)或repoquery -f (from package yum-utils) |
dpkg -S或dlocate |
rpm -qf (installed only)或zypper search -f (everything) |
equery belongs 或 qfile
|
| 列出軟件包所提供的文件. 同樣,這個功能可以被其他更複雜的命令實現 |
pacman -Ql或pacman -Fl |
dnf repoquery -l |
dpkg-query -L |
rpm -ql |
equery files 或 qlist
|
| 顯示提供給定表達式的包，也稱為反向提供。主要是搜索特定字段的快捷方式。其他工具可能通過搜索命令提供此功能。 |
pacman -F |
dnf provides |
apt-file search |
zypper what-provides或zypper wp |
equery belongs (only installed packages)或pfl
|
| 搜索所有軟件包以找到持有某個特定文件的包 |
pacman -F |
dnf provides |
apt-file search或auto-apt is using this functionality. |
zypper search -f |
equery belongs 或 qfile
|
| 顯示軟件包的變更日誌 |
pacman -Qc |
dnf changelog |
apt-get changelog |
rpm -q --changelog |
equery changes -f
|
| Action |
Arch |
Red Hat/Fedora |
Debian/Ubuntu |
SLES/openSUSE |
Gentoo
|
| Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. |
pacman -Ss |
dnf search |
apt search |
zypper search 或 zypper se -s |
emerge -S 或 eix
|
| 列出有可用更新的軟件包。注意：有些工具提供特殊命令來限制輸出到某些安裝源，而有些工具則使用選項來實現相同的功能。 |
pacman -Qu |
dnf list updates 或 dnf check-update |
apt list --upgradable |
zypper list-updates或zypper patch-check (just for patches) |
emerge -uDNp @world
|
| 顯示由軟件包管理器處理的所有安裝源中的軟件包列表。一些工具提供選項或額外的命令來限制輸出到特定的安裝源。 |
pacman -Sl |
dnf list available |
apt-cache dumpavail或apt-cache dump (Cache only)或apt-cache pkgnames |
zypper packages |
portageq all_best_visible /
|
| 生成一個已安裝軟件包的列表 |
pacman -Q |
dnf list installed |
dpkg --list | grep ^i |
zypper search --installed-only |
qlist -IC
|
| 列出已安裝但不(再)屬於任何軟件源的軟件包 |
pacman -Qm |
dnf list extras |
apt --installed list | grep ,local |
zypper se -si | grep 'System Packages' |
eix-test-obsolete
|
| 列出最近添加到其中一個安裝源的軟件包，即其中一個安裝源中新增的軟件包。 |
|
dnf list recent |
aptitude search '~N'或aptitude forget-new |
|
eix-diff
|
| 列出本地已安裝的軟件包及版本
|
pacman -Q |
rpm -qa |
dpkg -l或apt list --installed |
zypper search -s或rpm -qa |
qlist -ICv
|
| 搜索本地已安裝的軟件包名或描述 |
pacman -Qs |
rpm -qa '*<str>*' |
aptitude search '~i(~n $name|~d $description)' |
|
eix -S -I
|
| 列出不再被任何軟件包所需要的依賴
|
pacman -Qtt |
dnf leaves或package-cleanup --leaves --all |
deborphan -anp1 |
|
emerge -pc
|
| 列出顯式安裝的軟件包(不作為任何其他軟件包的依賴而安裝) |
pacman -Qe |
dnf history userinstalled |
apt-mark showmanual |
zypper search | grep -E '^i\+' (workaround) |
emerge -pvO @selected或eix --selected
|
| 列出(作為依賴)自動安裝的軟件包 |
pacman -Qd |
zypper search | grep -E '^i[^+]' (workaround) |
apt-mark showauto |
|
|
|
|
| Action |
Arch |
Red Hat/Fedora |
Debian/Ubuntu |
SLES/openSUSE |
Gentoo
|
| 顯示需要安裝X的包，也稱為顯示反向依賴關係 |
pacman -Sii或pacman -Qii |
dnf repoquery --alldeps --whatrequires或repoquery --whatrequires |
apt-cache rdepends或aptitude search ~D$pattern |
zypper search --requires |
equery depends
|
| 顯示與給定表達式（通常是軟件包）衝突的軟件包。也可以使用搜索功能來模仿此功能。 |
pacman -Si或pacman -Qi |
dnf repoquery --conflicts |
aptitude search '~C$pattern' |
|
|
| 列出所有為給定軟件包所需的軟件包，也就是顯示依賴項 |
pacman -Si或pacman -Qi |
dnf repoquery --requires或repoquery -R |
apt-cache depends或apt-cache show |
zypper info --requires |
emerge -ep
|
| 列出當前軟件包提供的內容 |
pacman -Sii或pacman -Qii |
dnf repoquery --provides |
dpkg -s或aptitude show |
zypper info --provides |
equery files或qlist
|
| 列出所有需要特定軟件包的軟件包 |
pacman -Sii |
dnf repoquery --installed --alldeps --whatrequires |
aptitude search ~D{depends,recommends,suggests}:$pattern或aptitude whyor apt-cache rdepends |
zypper search --requires |
equery depends -a
|
| Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes. |
pacman -Si或pacman -Qi |
dnf list obsoletes |
apt-cache show |
|
|
| Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s). |
|
|
apt-cache dotty |
|
|
| Action |
Arch |
Red Hat/Fedora |
Debian/Ubuntu |
SLES/openSUSE |
Gentoo
|
| 軟件源管理 |
編輯 /etc/pacman.conf |
編輯 /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo |
編輯 /etc/apt/sources.list |
編輯 /etc/zypp/repos.d/${REPO}.repo |
layman或eselect repository
|
| Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source. |
edit /etc/pacman.conf |
dnf config-manager |
apt-cdrom add |
zypper ar <URL or .repo file> |
layman或overlays
|
| Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s)或all installation sources. |
pacman -Sy (always upgrade the whole system afterwards) |
dnf clean expire-cache and then dnf check-update |
apt-get update |
zypper refresh或zypper ref |
emerge --sync或layman -S
|
| Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc. |
cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist |
cat /etc/yum.repos.d/* |
apt-cache policy |
zypper repos或zypper lr |
layman -l或eselect repository list
|
| List all packages from a certain repo |
paclist <repo> |
|
|
zypper search -r <repo>或zypper se -r <repo> |
eix --in-overlay
|
| Disable an installation source for an operation |
|
dnf --disablerepo= |
|
|
emerge package::repo-to-use
|
| Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed. |
pacman -S repo_name/package |
dnf --releasever= |
apt-get install -t release package或apt-get install package/release (dependencies not covered) |
zypper install -r <repo> package |
echo "category/package ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords and then emerge package
|
| Action |
Arch |
Red Hat/Fedora |
Debian/Ubuntu |
SLES/openSUSE |
Gentoo
|
| Add a package lock rule to keep its current state from being changed |
edit /etc/pacman.conf modifying IgnorePkg array |
edit dnf.conf adding/amending the exclude option |
apt-mark hold pkg |
zypper al或put package name in /etc/zypp/locks |
/etc/portage/package.mask
|
| Delete a package lock rule |
edit /etc/pacman.conf removing package from IgnorePkg line |
|
apt-mark unhold pkg |
zypper rl或remove package name from /etc/zypp/locks |
/etc/portage/package.mask (or package.unmask)
|
| Show a listing of all lock rules |
cat /etc/pacman.conf |
|
/etc/apt/preferences |
zypper ll或view /etc/zypp/locks |
cat /etc/portage/package.mask
|
| Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade或to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source. |
edit /etc/pacman.conf modifying HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays |
|
/etc/apt/preferences, apt-cache policy |
zypper mr -p |
edit /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords adding a line with =category/package-version
|
| Remove a previously set priority |
|
|
/etc/apt/preferences |
zypper mr -p |
edit /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords removing offending line
|
| Show a list of set priorities |
|
|
apt-cache policy或/etc/apt/preferences |
zypper lr -p |
grep -r . /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords
|
| Ignore problems that priorities may trigger.
|
|
|
|
n/a |
|
| Action |
Arch |
Red Hat/Fedora |
Debian/Ubuntu |
SLES/openSUSE |
Gentoo
|
| 驗證單個軟件包 |
pacman -Qk (can add another k) |
rpm -V |
debsums |
rpm -V |
equery check
|
| 驗證所有軟件包 |
pacman -Qk (can add another k) |
rpm -Va |
debsums |
rpm -Va |
equery check
|
| 重新安裝給定的軟件包。這將重新安裝給定的包，而不會產生依賴性問題。 |
pacman -S |
dnf reinstall |
apt install --reinstall |
zypper install --force |
emerge -1O
|
| 驗證整個系統的依賴關係; 安裝過程被強制終止時使用 |
pacman -Dk |
dnf repoquery --requires |
apt-get check |
zypper verify |
emerge -uDN @world
|
使用一些魔法來修理損壞的依賴關係 |
for pacman dependency level, use pacman -Dk; for shared library level, use findbrokenpkgsAUR或lddd (from devtools包) |
dnf repoquery --unsatisfied |
apt-get --fix-broken and then aptitude install |
zypper verify |
revdep-rebuild
|
| 為軟件包系統添加一個檢查點，以備後續回滾。 |
|
(unnecessary, it is done on every transaction) |
|
n/a |
|
| 從系統中移除一個檢查點。 |
n/a |
n/a |
|
n/a |
|
| 提供所有系統檢查點的列表。 |
n/a |
dnf history list |
|
n/a |
|
| 將整個軟件包回滾到特定日期或檢查點 |
n/a |
dnf history rollback |
|
n/a |
|
| 撤銷單個指定的事務 |
n/a |
dnf history undo |
|
n/a |
|
Using package files and building packages[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
| Action |
Arch |
Red Hat/Fedora |
Debian/Ubuntu |
SLES/openSUSE |
Gentoo
|
| Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database |
pacman -Qp |
rpm -qp |
dpkg -I |
|
|
| List the contents of a package file |
pacman -Qpl |
rpmls rpm -qpl |
dpkg -c |
rpm -qpl |
|
| Install local package file, e.g. app.rpm and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies |
pacman -U |
dnf install |
apt install |
zypper in |
emerge
|
| Updates package(s) with local packages and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies |
pacman -U |
dnf upgrade |
debi |
|
emerge
|
| Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes. |
cp package-filename /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ |
|
apt-cache add package-filename |
n/a |
cp package-filename /usr/portage/distfiles
|
| 解包一個軟件包 |
tar -xvf |
rpm2cpio | cpio -vid |
dpkg-deb -x |
rpm2cpio | cpio -vid |
tar -jxvf
|
| Install/Remove packages to satisfy build-dependencies. Uses information in the source package |
Use ABS and makepkg -seoc |
dnf builddep |
apt-get build-dep |
zypper si -d |
emerge -o
|
| Display the source package to the given package name(s) |
|
dnf repoquery -s |
apt-cache showsrc |
n/a |
|
| Download the corresponding source package(s) to the given package name(s) |
Use ABS and makepkg -o |
dnf download --source |
apt-get source或debcheckout |
zypper source-install |
emerge --fetchonly
|
| 構建一個軟件包 |
makepkg -s |
rpmbuild -ba (normal)或mock (in chroot) |
debuild |
rpmbuild -ba, then build, and then osc build |
ebuild或quickpkg
|
| 檢查可能的打包問題 |
namcap
(requires namcap包) |
rpmlint |
lintian |
rpmlint |
repoman
|
Log file rotation[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
By default, Arch Linux does not rotate pacman.log. See, for example, FS#11272 and FS#20428#comment66480. This is in contrast to the default policy of most other Linux distributions. Some distributions, notably Gentoo, hardly write log files by default.