XDG桌面门户

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门户是一种用于安全地访问应用程序沙箱外部资源的框架。它们为应用程序提供了一系列常见的功能，包括：确定网络状态、使用文件选择器打开文件、打开URI、进行屏幕截图或录屏[...]

门户（Portals）是为了 Flatpak 应用程序使用而设计的，但是任何应用程序都可以使用门户来统一访问独立于桌面和工具包的功能。例如，在Wayland上通过 PipeWire 实现屏幕共享，在 Firefox 上使用和您当前的桌面环境相同的打开和保存文件对话框。

Installation[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

Install xdg-desktop-portal^包 and one or more backends. The package includes a systemd/User service that will be automatically started via D-Bus.

When an application makes a request through a portal, it is handled by xdg-desktop-portal, which then forwards it to a backend implementation. This allows a clean way to provide suitable user interfaces that fit into different desktop environments, and access environment-specific APIs for requests like showing notifications or recording the screen. Multiple backends can be installed: for example, a Sway user may use xdg-desktop-portal-wlr^包 for screen sharing support and xdg-desktop-portal-gtk^包 as a fallback for all other interfaces that xdg-desktop-portal-wlr does not implement.

Portal backend definitions are located in /usr/share/xdg-desktop-portal/portals/*.portal. Each portal backend file contains a list of interfaces that it can handle, and the desktop environments that it can be used in.

List of backends and interfaces[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

The following table lists all backends available and their support for certain common interfaces.

Backend	File chooser	Screenshot and screen cast
xdg-desktop-portal-dde^包	Yes	Yes, on Deepin Desktop Environment
xdg-desktop-portal-gnome^包	Yes	Yes, on GNOME
xdg-desktop-portal-gtk^包	是	否
xdg-desktop-portal-kde^包	是	Yes, on KDE
xdg-desktop-portal-hyprland^包¹	否	Yes, on wlroots^包
xdg-desktop-portal-lxqt^包	是	否
xdg-desktop-portal-wlr^包	否	Yes, on wlroots^包
xdg-desktop-portal-xapp^包	否	Yes, on Cinnamon
xdg-desktop-portal-liri-git^AUR	是	Yes, on Liri
xdg-desktop-portal-shana^AUR	是²	否
xdg-desktop-portal-td^AUR	是	否
xdg-desktop-portal-termfilechooser-git^AUR	是³	否

works with all wlroots-based compositors, but provides extra functionality when used with Hyprland such as sharing individual windows.
redirects requests to GNOME/GTK/KDE/LXQt backends
allows using a terminal file manager as a file chooser

Configuration[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

When a request is made, xdg-desktop-portal will use the /usr/share/xdg-desktop-portal/DE-portals.conf file, where DE is based on the XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP environment variable. These files are provided by the desktop environments themselves and determine which backends should be used when a specific environment is running.

If you want to override the desktop environment defaults, or your desktop environment does not provide a default configuration, you may create a portal configuration file at $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/xdg-desktop-portal/portals.conf to determine which backends you want to use, either generally or for each individual interface. If you use multiple desktop environments, you may also create multiple $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/xdg-desktop-portal/DE-portals.conf files for each environment.

For example, if your desktop environment does not have a portal backend, and you want to use xdg-desktop-portal-gtk^包 as a generic fallback but also use the LXQt file picker through xdg-desktop-portal-lxqt^包, you can use the following configuration:

~/.config/xdg-desktop-portal/portals.conf

[preferred]
default=gtk
org.freedesktop.impl.portal.FileChooser=lxqt

See portals.conf(5) for more information.

Force desktop environment[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

In some cases, such as when you have a standalone window manager, you might want to make xdg-desktop-portal to think you are using a specific desktop environment. This can be achieved by setting the XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP environment variable for the xdg-desktop-portal.service user unit using a drop-in snippet. For example, to use the backend associated with KDE:

~/.config/systemd/user/xdg-desktop-portal.service.d/override.conf

[Service]
Environment="XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=KDE"

If you create the file manually instead of using systemctl, do a daemon-reload.

Troubleshooting[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

xdg-desktop-portal-wlr does not start automatically on sway[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

For xdg-desktop-portal-wlr to work, the XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP and WAYLAND_DISPLAY environment variables have to be set in the systemd user session. XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP has to be set to the name of your compositor, e.g. XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway. WAYLAND_DISPLAY is set automatically by the compositor.

Check whether these variables are set with systemctl --user show-environment. If they are not set, import these environment variables into the systemd user session and dbus by running the following commands after launching the compositor (e.g., include them in the compositor's configuration file).

$ systemctl --user import-environment WAYLAND_DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP
$ dbus-update-activation-environment --systemd WAYLAND_DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=compositor_name

提示：Sway provides a drop-in file which does this automatically, see Sway#Configuration.

See [1] and [2] for more details.

Using multiple monitors with xdg-desktop-portal-wlr[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

xdg-desktop-portal-wlr requires an external chooser to select the shared monitor. By default, it looks for slurp^包, wofi^包 and bemenu^包 in this order. When using slurp, after a request for screen sharing you will be presented with a crosshair cursor and you will need to click the screen you want to share. When using wofi or bemenu, you will be presented with a menu of available displays to share. If no choosers are available, xdg-desktop-portal-wlr will fallback to the first monitor found. For more information, see xdg-desktop-portal-wlr(5) § SCREENCAST OPTIONS.

Poor font rendering in GTK apps on KDE Plasma[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

Some GTK apps require xdg-desktop-portal-gtk^包 on Plasma in order to render font correctly. Install it and then run:

$ /usr/lib/xdg-desktop-portal --replace