Mailman
Mailman 是一个邮件列表管理系统。它与邮件服务器结合使用。
安装[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Mailman 可与Postorius（用于配置）和Hyperkitty（用于存档）结合使用。
mailman专用用户的身份运行，因此任何对mailman可执行文件的调用都必须以mailman用户的身份进行。配置[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
All configuration for Mailman takes place in /etc/mailman.cfg. The schema explaining all possible configuration options and setting the defaults is stored in /usr/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mailman/config/schema.cfg.
The configuration is also accessible via the command line. Run the following command as the mailman user (e.g. using sudo or su):
[mailman]$ mailman conf
数据库[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Mailman by default uses an SQLite database in /var/lib/mailman/data/, but can be configured to use MariaDB or PostgreSQL.
SQLite[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
The default location for the SQLite database is already reflected in the schema.cfg and therefore does not have to be set in Mailman's configuration.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[database] url: sqlite:////var/lib/mailman/data/mailman.db
MariaDB[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Install the python-pymysql包 package and configure a database on MariaDB.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[database] class: mailman.database.mysql.MySQLDatabase url: mysql+pymysql://myuser:mypassword@mymysqlhost/mailman?charset=utf8&use_unicode=1
PostgreSQL[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Install the python-psycopg2包 package and create a database using PostgreSQL.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[database] class: mailman.database.postgresql.PostgreSQLDatabase url: postgres://myuser:mypassword@mypghost/mailman
REST API[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Mailman exposes its REST API based on the settings in the [webservice] section of the configuration. Make sure to replace the default values for admin_user and admin_pass (do not use the example values below).
/etc/mailman.cfg
[webservice] admin_user: my_new_admin_user_name admin_pass: my_new_admin_user_password
ARC[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
By default DMARC and DKIM are disabled. The configuration takes place in the [ARC] section of the configuration file. Make sure to set necessary values and read the documentation about the defaults.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[ARC] enabled: yes authserv_id: mailserver.tld trusted_authserv_ids: subdomain.mailserver.tld, other.mailserver.tld privkey: /path/to/privatekey.pem selector: test domain: mailserver.tld
MTA[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
To connect a mail-transfer-agent (MTA), it is necessary to configure the [mta] section in the configuration file. Upstream documentation covers examples for postfix, exim and sendmail, but other MTAs are technically possible.
Postfix[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
To connect to a local postfix instance the following configuration section can be used:
/etc/mailman.cfg
[mta] incoming: mailman.mta.postfix.LMTP outgoing: mailman.mta.deliver.deliver lmtp_host: mail.example.com lmtp_port: 8024 smtp_host: mail.example.com smtp_port: 25
The postfix configuration has to be extended to ensure compatibility (see upstream notes).
/etc/postfix/main.cf
[..] recipient_delimiter = + unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 owner_request_special = no [..]
Additionally, postfix needs to be made aware of mailman's transport maps. Depending on the postfix configuration these may look similar to the following.
transport_maps, local_recipient_maps, relay_domains, virtual_mailbox_domains and virtual_alias_maps are merged with the additional values./etc/postfix/main.cf
[..] transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp local_recipient_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp relay_domains = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains [..]
If postmap is not directly accessible by mailman for creating the default hash-based alias maps, it is possible to generate regular expression based alias maps instead.
To overwrite the default Python-class based configuration, mailman allows the use of a configuration file. Create the following file:
/etc/postfix-mailman.cfg
[postfix] postmap_command: /usr/bin/postmap transport_file_type: regex
Add the file to the [mta] section in mailman's configuration file.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[mta] [..] configuration: /etc/postfix-mailman.cfg
Afterwards the regexp based exports can then be used in the postfix configuration.
/etc/postfix/main.cf
[..] transport_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp local_recipient_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp relay_domains = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains [..]
hash to regexp): [mailman]$ mailman aliasesTo connect to a local postfix instance with a virtual mail setup, first set an alias domain. Afterwards alter the respective configuration.
/etc/postfix/main.cf
[..] local_recipient_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp transport_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp virtual_mailbox_domains = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains virtual_alias_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_vmap [..]
运行[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
有几个systemd定时器服务，负责列表管理的各个方面：
mailman3-digests.timer：用于向订阅者发送每日摘要。mailman3-gatenews.timer：每小时轮询NNTP服务器以获取新闻mailman3-notify.timer：用于每天向管理员发送待处理请求的通知。
安装[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
与邮件服务器集成[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
与 Hyperkitty 集成[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Mailman does not automatically archive mails on its own. The Hyperkitty web application is used for this purpose. Based on a plugin, mailman is able to send mails to a Hyperkitty instance for archival.
Install the mailman3-hyperkitty包 package and configure /etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg.
/etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg
[general] base_url: https://example.tld/hyperkitty/ api_key: super_secret_password
Afterwards, make mailman aware of the plugin:
/etc/mailman.cfg
[archiver.hyperkitty] class: mailman_hyperkitty.Archiver enable: yes configuration: /etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg
提示与技巧[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
从 mailman < 3.0 迁移[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Mailman 可以导入基于 mailman < 3.0 的列表数据库（config.pck）。以 mailman 用户身份（例如使用 sudo 或 su ）运行以下命令：
[mailman]$ mailman import21 LISTSPEC PICKLE_FILE
这里，LISTSPEC 表示要导入的列表的全称（例如 list@example.com），PICKLE_FILE 表示列表的 config.pck 文件路径。
REST API[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Mailman 公开了REST API，可使用基于 python-mailmanclient包 的自定义工具进行连接。
参见[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Mailman 文档 - 上游文档
- Mailmanclient 文档 - 上游文档
- 连接到 Mailman - 关于mailman3-hyperkitty包的上游文档
- Mailman Suite 文档 - 整个 Mailman 套件（Mailman、Hyperkitty 和 Postorius）的（高级）上游文档