LXDE
- The "Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment" is an extremely fast-performing and energy-saving desktop environment. Maintained by an international community of developers, it comes with a beautiful interface, multi-language support, standard keyboard short cuts and additional features like tabbed file browsing. LXDE uses less CPU and less RAM than other environments. It is especially designed for cloud computers with low hardware specifications, such as, netbooks, mobile devices (e.g. MIDs) or older comput
安装[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
使用LXDE最少需要安装 lxde-common包, lxsession包, openbox包(或者其他窗口管理器)。lxde包组包含完整的桌面。
GTK+ 3 版本[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
你可以安装 lxde-gtk3包组 软件包组来试用这个尚在实验阶段的版本.
它几乎可以正常工作,但是可能会有一些问题,包括: gpicview, lxappearance-obconf, lxlauncher 和 lxpanel.
运行 LXDE[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
显示管理器[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
LXDM是LXDE的默认显示管理器,并作为lxde包组组的一部分。另请参见Display manager。
命令行[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
使用 "startx",你需要在你的xinitrc文件最后添加
~/.xinitrc
exec startlxde
小提示[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
应用程序配置项[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
应用程序菜单是通过解析放在/usr/share/applications/
和~/.local/share/applications/
中的.desktop
文件实现的。要添加或编辑菜单中的项,请见desktop entries。可在AUR中找到第三方的菜单编辑器(如lxmedAUR)。同时也有官方的菜单编辑器,如alacarte包(gnome)和mozo包(mate)等。
程序自动开启[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
应用程序可以用以下方式设置自动打开:
- 使用
.desktop
文件
LXDE 工具 XDG Autostart
- 使用LXsession
~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart
中的每一行表示要执行的命令。如果一行以{ic |@}}开头,并且其后的命令崩溃,则该命令将自动重新执行。例如:
~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart
@lxterminal @leafpad
也有一个全局自启动文件,位于/etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart
。
鼠标键盘动作[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Mouse and key bindings (i.e. keyboard shortcuts) are implemented with Openbox. LXDE users should follow the Openbox wiki to edit ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml
.
An optional GUI for editing the key bindings is provided by the obkeyAUR package. Whle it edits rc.xml
by default, you can direct it to the LXDE configuration as follows:
$ obkey ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml
See [1] for more information.
光标[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
lxappearance包 is a graphical tool to set GTK look and feel, including the cursor theme. Settings configured with LXAppearance are written to ~/.gtkrc-2.0
, ~/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
and ~/.icons/default/index.theme
. See also Cursor themes.
任务栏时间[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
You can right click on the digital clock applet on the panel and set how it displays the current time using the strftime format. See strftime(3) for details.
字体设置[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
lxappearance-obconf包 configures Openbox settings. See also Font configuration.
键盘布局[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
lxpanel包 includes a keyboard layout applet. See Keyboard configuration in Xorg for generic instructions and #程序自动开启 to automatically start setxkbmap in LXDE.
锁屏[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
LXDE does not come with a screen locker of its own. See List of applications/Security#Screen lockers and 程序自动开启 on how to start them.
The Screen Lock icon executes a script (located at /usr/bin/lxlock
) which searches for a number of well known screen lockers and uses the first one it finds to lock the screen. See lxlock on GitHub.
/etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart
(from the lxde-common包 package) lists XScreenSaver which will be launched automatically.
See DPMS on how to control the screen saver without external programs.
LXPanel中的图标[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Default icons used by LXpanel are stored in /usr/share/pixmaps/
and any custom icons should be saved there as well.
To change default icons for applications, see Desktop entries#Icons.
LXPanel中的菜单[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
The panel's menus can be configured in /etc/xdg/menus/lxde-applications.menu
as per the xdg-menu format to work with applications from other sessions (notably MATE) to add some of the function-ability that LXDE lacks.
使用不同的窗口管理器[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
LXsession uses the window manager defined in ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/desktop.conf
(Openbox by default). If this file does not exist, it searches in /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/desktop.conf
instead.
Replace openbox-lxde
in either file with a window manager of your choice:
For metacity:
window_manager=metacity
For compiz:
window_manager=compiz
Alternatively use WM --replace
as defined in #程序自动开启, where WM is the name of the window manager executable being started. This means that openbox will be started first on each login and will then immediately be replaced. Note that Openbox and LXDE do not share the same rc.xml
and keyboard shortcuts may differ. See xbindkeys.
使用多个窗口管理器[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
LXDE doesnt enable compositing by default that leads to screen tearing problem. If you not okay with this, you can sacrifice a little bit more resources to enable window compositing either by installing compositing manager or you can also subtitute lxde with another window manager that support compositing.
Troubleshooting[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
一些程序不能运行[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Recent shift of LXDE to gtk3 introduce some bugs that may cause segmentation fault and preventing application to start (most notably the customize look and fell settings or known as lxappearance). Until this problem fully fixed, you can try using JWM to bypass gtk3 segfault:
- install JWM
$ sudo pacman -S jwm
- subtitute LXDE with jwm, open terminal and run:
$ jwm
- this may cause a little glitch but now you should be able to open segfault app normally
- after you are done, relogin to refresh LXDE desktop
NTFS with Chinese characters[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
For a storage device with an NTFS filesystem, you will need to install the NTFS-3G package. Generally, PCManFM works well with NTFS filesystems, however there is one bug affecting NTFS users that if you have files or directories on an NTFS filesystem, the names of which contain non-latin characters (e.g. Chinese characters) may disappear when opening (or auto-mounting) the NTFS volume. This happens because the lxsession mount-helper is not correctly parsing the policies and locale options. There is a workaround for this:
Create a new /usr/local/bin/mount.ntfs-3g
with a new Bash script containing:
#!/bin/bash /usr/bin/ntfs-3g $1 $2 -o locale=en_US.UTF-8
And then make it executable:
# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/mount.ntfs-3g
LXPanel crashes[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
With some GTK themes, launching lxpanel will lead to the following error:
lxpanel: cairo-scaled-font.c:459: _cairo_scaled_glyph_page_destroy: Assertion `!scaled_font->cache_frozen' failed.
In this case install ttf-dejavu包.
If lxpanel crashes when browsing particular unicode web pages, install ttf-droid包.
LXPanel Task Bar icon size[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
The icons of running applications do not match the set Icon size in Panel Settings > Geometry but are 4px smaller which makes some of them blurry. To have clear looking 32px icons in the Task Bar the set Icon size has to be 36px which would blur the icons of the rest of your active Panel Applets. To get around this create additional panel(s) and have them collectively make a single continuous looking panel by adjusting the Alignment and Margin in Panel Settings > Geometry.
Fake transparency in LXTerminal[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
The latest version of VTE terminal widget library requires a compositing window manager for background transparency. The unmaintained, legacy GTK 2 version of VTE has fake transparency, where the desktop background image will show through the terminal. It you prefer fake transparency, the GTK 2 version of LXTerminal can be installed with the lxterminal-gtk2AUR package.
光标太小[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
高分辨率屏显示光标过小,可以在Gnome-look里找有36px或48px的光标主题文件并下载,之后在自定义外观里的光标下安装并选择使用。