桌面通知程序
桌面通知是种很小的被动弹出对话框,以异步方式通知用户特定事件。
Libnotify[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Libnotify 是桌面通知规范的实现,它为 GTK和 Qt应用程序提供支持,并且独立于桌面:它已经被许多开源应用程序(如 Evolution和Pidgin)使用。可以通过libnotify包软件包安装。
要使用 libnotify,您必须安装通知服务器。
通知服务器[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
内置通知[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Cinnamon, Deepin, Enlightenment, GNOME, GNOME Flashback 和 KDE Plasma 使用自己的实现来显示通知,并且无法替换。他们的通知服务器在登录时自动启动,以通过 DBus 接收来自应用程序的通知。
独立通知[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
在其他桌面环境中,需要使用自动启动选项启动通知服务器。
或者,通过将通知服务器作为 D-Bus的服务,通知服务器可以在第一次调用时自动启动。大多数通知服务器已经在/usr/share/dbus-1/services
目录中。对于某些实现,例如 notification-daemon包包,需要在用户 D-Bus 服务目录 ($XDG_DATA_HOME/dbus-1/services
) 中手动创建一个服务:
org.freedesktop.Notifications.service
[D-BUS Service] Name=org.freedesktop.Notifications Exec=/usr/lib/notification-daemon-1.0/notification-daemon
每当应用程序通过向 org.freedesktop.Notifications
发送信号来发送通知时,如果他尚未激活,则 D-Bus 将激活/usr/lib/notification-daemon-1.0/notification-daemon
。
您还可以选择以下实现之一:
- Deadd Notification Center — 通知中心受Dunst启发的一个通知守护进程。
- fnott — 键盘驱动的轻量级 Wayland 通知守护程序,适用于基于 wlroots 的合成器。
- LXQt Notification Daemon — LXQt的通知服务。
- MATE Notification Daemon — MATE的通知服务。
- Notification Daemon — 最初的通知服务。
- https://gitlab.gnome.org/Archive/notification-daemon || notification-daemon包
- 你可以通过
/usr/lib/notification-daemon-1.0/notification-daemon
手动运行它
- Notify OSD — Unity的通知服务.
- sandsmark-notificationd — 可以静音的最小化通知守护程序
- https://github.com/sandsmark/sandsmark-notificationd || sandsmark-notificationd-gitAUR[损坏的链接:package not found]
- statnot — 小巧轻便的通知守护进程,可以将通知输出到根窗口的标题、stdout 或 FIFO 管道,使其与平铺窗口管理器完美集成。
- swaync — 用于Sway的简单基于 GTK 的通知守护程序。
- twmn — 用于平铺窗口管理器的通知系统。
- wired — 轻量级通知守护进程,具有高度可定制的布局块,用 Rust 编写。
- Xfce Notification Daemon — Xfce的通知服务
- https://docs.xfce.org/apps/notifyd/start || xfce4-notifyd包
- 你可以通过{
/usr/lib/xfce4/notifyd/xfce4-notifyd
手动运行它 - 提示:要配置 xfce4-notifyd,请运行以下命令:
xfce4-notifyd-config
.
在编程中的使用[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
您可以通过GObject-Introspection或绑定方式,轻松地使用多种编程语言来编写自己的 libnotify 显示消息,或者您可以简单地使用 bash。
以下示例显示一个简单的 “Hello world” 通知。
Bash[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- 依赖: libnotify包包
hello_world.sh
#!/bin/bash notify-send 'Hello world!' 'This is an example notification.' --icon=dialog-information
- An overview on the available icons can be found in the specification.
- To send desktop notification to another user, e.g. from a background script running as root:
# systemd-run --machine=user@.host --user notify-send 'Hello world!' 'This is an example notification.'
- Dependency: glib2包
hello_world.sh
#!/bin/bash gdbus call --session \ --dest=org.freedesktop.Notifications \ --object-path=/org/freedesktop/Notifications \ --method=org.freedesktop.Notifications.Notify \ "" 0 "" 'Hello world!' 'This is an example notification.' \ '[]' '{"urgency": <1>}' 5000
- See org.freedesktop.Notifications.Notify for more details about the D-Bus interface.
dbus-send
, though being similar togdbus
, does not work because one of the arguments in the methodorg.freedesktop.Notifications.Notify
requires data typevariant
, which is not supported bydbus-send
.
C[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: glib2包
- Build with:
gcc -o hello_world `pkg-config --cflags --libs gio-2.0` hello_world.c
hello_world.c
#include <gio/gio.h> int main() { GApplication *application = g_application_new ("hello.world", G_APPLICATION_FLAGS_NONE); g_application_register (application, NULL, NULL); GNotification *notification = g_notification_new ("Hello world!"); g_notification_set_body (notification, "This is an example notification."); GIcon *icon = g_themed_icon_new ("dialog-information"); g_notification_set_icon (notification, icon); g_application_send_notification (application, NULL, notification); g_object_unref (icon); g_object_unref (notification); g_object_unref (application); return 0; }
- Dependency: libnotify包
- Build with:
gcc -o hello_world `pkg-config --cflags --libs libnotify` hello_world.c
hello_world.c
#include <libnotify/notify.h> int main() { notify_init ("Hello world!"); NotifyNotification * Hello = notify_notification_new ("Hello world", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information"); notify_notification_show (Hello, NULL); g_object_unref(G_OBJECT(Hello)); notify_uninit(); return 0; }
- Dependency: dbus包
- Build with:
gcc -o hello_world $(pkg-config --cflags --libs dbus-1) hello_world.c
hello_world.c
#include <dbus-1.0/dbus/dbus.h> int main() { DBusConnection *connection = dbus_bus_get(DBUS_BUS_SESSION, 0); DBusMessage *message = dbus_message_new_method_call( "org.freedesktop.Notifications", "/org/freedesktop/Notifications", "org.freedesktop.Notifications", "Notify"); DBusMessageIter iter[4]; dbus_message_iter_init_append(message, iter); char *application = "hello.world"; dbus_message_iter_append_basic(iter, 's', &application); unsigned id = 0; dbus_message_iter_append_basic(iter, 'u', &id); char *icon = "dialog-information"; dbus_message_iter_append_basic(iter, 's', &icon); char *summary = "Hello world!"; dbus_message_iter_append_basic(iter, 's', &summary); char *body = "This is an example notification."; dbus_message_iter_append_basic(iter, 's', &body); dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter, 'a', "s", iter + 1); dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, iter + 1); dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter, 'a', "{sv}", iter + 1); dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter + 1, 'e', 0, iter + 2); char *urgency = "urgency"; dbus_message_iter_append_basic(iter + 2, 's', &urgency); dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter + 2, 'v', "y", iter + 3); enum {LOW, NORMAL, CRITICAL}; unsigned char level = LOW; dbus_message_iter_append_basic(iter + 3, 'y', &level); dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter + 2, iter + 3); dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter + 1, iter + 2); dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, iter + 1); int timeout = 5 * 1000; dbus_message_iter_append_basic(iter, 'i', &timeout); dbus_connection_send(connection, message, 0); dbus_connection_flush(connection); dbus_message_unref(message); dbus_connection_unref(connection); }
C++[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: glibmm包
- Build with:
g++ -o hello_world `pkg-config --cflags --libs giomm-2.4` hello_world.cc
hello_world.cc
#include <giomm-2.4/giomm.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { auto Application = Gio::Application::create("hello.world", Gio::APPLICATION_FLAGS_NONE); Application->register_application(); auto Notification = Gio::Notification::create("Hello world"); Notification->set_body("This is an example notification."); auto Icon = Gio::ThemedIcon::create("dialog-information"); Notification->set_icon (Icon); Application->send_notification(Notification); return 0; }
- Dependency: libnotifymmAUR[损坏的链接:package not found]
- Build with:
g++ -o hello_world `pkg-config --cflags --libs libnotifymm-1.0` hello_world.cc
hello_world.cc
#include <libnotifymm.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Notify::init("Hello world!"); Notify::Notification Hello("Hello world", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information"); Hello.show(); return 0; }
C#[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: notify-sharp-3AUR
- Build with:
mcs -pkg:notify-sharp-3.0 hello_world.cs
- Run with:
mono hello_world.exe
hello_world.cs
using Notifications; public class HelloWorld { static void Main() { var Hello = new Notification(); Hello.Summary = "Hello world!"; Hello.Body = "This is an example notification."; Hello.IconName = "dialog-information"; Hello.Show(); } }
Common Lisp[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: dbus包, death/dbus (from quicklisp)
hello_world.lisp
(defun hello () "send notification with dbus" (let ((app_name "hello.world") (replaces_id 0) (app_icon "dialog-information") (summary "hello.world") (body "Hello world!") (expire_timeout -1)) (dbus:with-open-bus (bus (dbus:session-server-addresses)) (dbus:with-introspected-object (notif bus "/org/freedesktop/Notifications" "org.freedesktop.Notifications") (notif "org.freedesktop.Notifications" "Notify" app_name replaces_id app_icon summary body '() '() expire_timeout))))) (hello)
Crystal[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: woodruffw/notify.cr (from shards)
- Build with: shards build
hello_world.fs
require "notify" notifier = Notify.new notifier.notify "Hello", body: "World!"
F#[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: notify-sharp-3AUR
- Makedependency: dotnet-sdk包
- Build with:
fsharpc -r:notify-sharp.dll -I:/usr/lib/mono/notify-sharp-3.0/ -I:/usr/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-3.0/ hello_world.fs
- Run with:
mono hello_world.exe
hello_world.fs
open Notifications let Hello = new Notification() Hello.Summary <- "Hello world!" Hello.Body <- "This is an example notification." Hello.IconName <- "dialog-information" Hello.Show()
Genie[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
hello_world.gs
uses GLib init var Application = new GLib.Application ("hello.world", GLib.ApplicationFlags.FLAGS_NONE); Application.register (); var Notification = new GLib.Notification ("Hello world"); Notification.set_body ("This is an example notification."); var Icon = new GLib.ThemedIcon ("dialog-information"); Notification.set_icon (Icon); Application.send_notification (null, Notification);
hello_world.gs
uses Notify init Notify.init ("Hello world") var Hello=new Notify.Notification ("Hello world!","This is an example notification.","dialog-information") Hello.show ()
Go[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: libnotify包
- Makedependency: go-notify-gitAUR[损坏的链接:package not found]
- Build with:
go build hello_world.go
- (Or run with:
go run hello_world.go
)
hello_world.go
package main import ("github.com/mqu/go-notify") func main() { notify.Init("Hello world") hello := notify.NotificationNew("Hello World!", "This is an example notification.","dialog-information") hello.Show() }
Groovy[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependencies: groovy包, java-gnomeAUR
- Build with:
groovyc -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar HelloWorld.groovy && jar cfe HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld HelloWorld.class
- Run with:
java -cp /usr/share/groovy/embeddable/groovy-all.jar:/usr/share/java/gtk.jar:HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld
orgroovy -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar HelloWorld.groovy
HelloWorld.groovy
import org.gnome.gtk.* import org.gnome.notify.* Gtk.init() Notify.init("Hello world") def Hello = new Notification("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information") Hello.show()
Haskell[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Makedependency: haskell-fdo-notify包
- Build with:
ghc -dynamic hello_world
hello_world.hs
import DBus.Notify main = do client <- connectSession let hello = blankNote { summary="Hello world!", body=(Just $ Text "This is an example notification."), appImage=(Just $ Icon "dialog-information") } notification <- notify client hello return 0
IronPython[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependencies: notify-sharp-3AUR, ironpythonAUR
- Run with:
ipy hello_world.py
hello_world.py
import clr clr.AddReference('notify-sharp') import Notifications Hello = Notifications.Notification() Hello.Summary = "Hello world!" Hello.Body = "This is an example notification." Hello.IconName = "dialog-information" Hello.Show()
Java[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: java-gnomeAUR
- Makedependency: java-environment
- Build with:
javac -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar HelloWorld.java && jar cfe HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld HelloWorld.class
- Run with:
java -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar:HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld
HelloWorld.java
import org.gnome.gtk.Gtk; import org.gnome.notify.Notify; import org.gnome.notify.Notification; public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { Gtk.init(args); Notify.init("Hello world"); Notification Hello = new Notification("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information"); Hello.show(); } }
JavaScript[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: gjs包
hello_world.js
#!/usr/bin/gjs const Gio = imports.gi.Gio; var Application = new Gio.Application ({application_id: "hello.world"}); Application.register (null); var Notification = new Gio.Notification (); Notification.set_title ("Hello world"); Notification.set_body ("This is an example notification."); var Icon = new Gio.ThemedIcon ({name: "dialog-information"}); Notification.set_icon (Icon); Application.send_notification (null, Notification);
hello_world.js
#!/usr/bin/gjs const Notify = imports.gi.Notify; Notify.init ("Hello world"); var Hello=new Notify.Notification ({summary: "Hello world!", body: "This is an example notification.", "icon-name": "dialog-information"}); Hello.show ();
- Dependencies: nodejs包, node-dbus-notifier
hello_world.js
#!/usr/bin/env node const notifier = require("node-dbus-notifier"); const notify = new notifier.Notify({ appName: "JavaScript", appIcon: "archlinux-logo", summary: "Hello world!", hints: { urgency: 2, }, body: "This is an example notification.", timeout: 5000, }); notify.addAction("Click Me", () => { console.log("Click Click"); }); notify.show() .then(() => { console.log("notify is closed"); });
JRuby[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependencies: java-gnomeAUR, jruby包
- Build with:
jrubyc hello_world.rb && jar cfe hello_world.jar hello_world hello_world.class
- Run with:
java -cp /opt/jruby/lib/jruby.jar:hello_world.jar hello_world
orjruby hello_world.rb
hello_world.rb
require '/usr/share/java/gtk.jar' import Java::OrgGnomeGtk::Gtk import Java::OrgGnomeNotify::Notify import Java::OrgGnomeNotify::Notification Gtk.init(nil) Notify.init("Hello world") Hello = Notification.new("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information") Hello.show
Jython[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependencies: java-gnomeAUR, jython包
- Run with:
jython -Dpython.path=/usr/share/java/gtk.jar hello_world.py
hello_world.py
from org.gnome.gtk import Gtk from org.gnome.notify import Notify, Notification Gtk.init(None) Notify.init("Hello world") Hello=Notification("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information") Hello.show()
Lua[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: lua-lgi-gitAUR
hello_world.lua
#!/usr/bin/lua lgi = require 'lgi' Gio = lgi.require('Gio') Application = Gio.Application.new("hello.world",Gio.ApplicationFlags.FLAGS_NONE); Application:register(); Notification = Gio.Notification.new("Hello world"); Notification:set_body("This is an example notification."); Icon = Gio.ThemedIcon.new("dialog-information"); Notification:set_icon(Icon); Application:send_notification(nil, Notification);
- Dependencies: libnotify包, lua-lgi-gitAUR
hello_world.lua
#!/usr/bin/lua lgi = require 'lgi' Notify = lgi.require('Notify') Notify.init("Hello world") Hello=Notify.Notification.new("Hello world","This is an example notification.","dialog-information") Hello:show()
Nemerle[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: notify-sharp-3AUR
- Makedependency: nemerleAUR
- Build with:
ncc -pkg:notify-sharp-3.0 -out:hello_world.exe hello_world.n
- Run with:
mono hello_world.exe
hello_world.n
using Notifications; public class HelloWorld { static Main() : void { def Hello = Notification(); Hello.Summary = "Hello world!"; Hello.Body = "This is an example notification."; Hello.IconName = "dialog-information"; Hello.Show(); } }
Pascal[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: libnotify包
- Makedependency: fpc包, libnotify binding
- Build with:
fpc hello_world
hello_world.pas
program hello_world; uses libnotify; var hello : PNotifyNotification; begin notify_init(argv[0]); hello := notify_notification_new ('Hello world', 'This is an example notification.', 'dialog-information'); notify_notification_show (hello, nil); end.
Perl[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Using libnotify[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependencies: libnotify包, perl-glib-object-introspection包
hello_world.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl use Glib::Object::Introspection; Glib::Object::Introspection->setup(basename => 'Notify', version => '0.7', package => 'Notify'); Notify->init; my $hello = Notify::Notification->new('Hello world!', 'This is an example notification.', 'dialog-information'); $hello->show;
Using direct D-Bus calls[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependencies: perl-net-dbus包
hello_world.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl use Net::DBus; my $bus = Net::DBus->session; my $svc = $bus->get_service('org.freedesktop.Notifications'); my $obj = $svc->get_object('/org/freedesktop/Notifications'); my $id = $obj->Notify('myapp', 0, 'dialog-information', 'Hello world!', 'This is an example notification.', [], {}, 0);
Python[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: python-gobject包
hello_world.py
#!/usr/bin/python3 import gi gi.require_version('Gio', '2.0') from gi.repository import Gio Application = Gio.Application.new("hello.world", Gio.ApplicationFlags.FLAGS_NONE) Application.register() Notification = Gio.Notification.new("Hello world") Notification.set_body("This is an example notification.") Icon = Gio.ThemedIcon.new("dialog-information") Notification.set_icon(Icon) Application.send_notification(None, Notification)
- Dependencies: libnotify包, python-gobject包
hello_world.py
#!/usr/bin/python3 import gi gi.require_version('Notify', '0.7') from gi.repository import Notify Notify.init("Hello world") Hello = Notify.Notification.new("Hello world", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information") Hello.show()
- Dependency: python-dbus包
hello_world.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3 import dbus obj = dbus.SessionBus().get_object("org.freedesktop.Notifications", "/org/freedesktop/Notifications") obj = dbus.Interface(obj, "org.freedesktop.Notifications") obj.Notify("", 0, "", "Hello world", "This is an example notification.", [], {"urgency": 1}, 10000)
For the arguments in the method Notify
, please refer to the section of org.freedesktop.Notifications.Notify at Desktop Notifications Specification.
Ruby[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependencies: libnotify包, ruby-gir_ffiAUR[损坏的链接:package not found]
hello_world.rb
#!/usr/bin/ruby require 'gir_ffi' GirFFI.setup :Notify Notify.init("Hello world") Hello = Notify::Notification.new("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information") Hello.show
Rust[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Using notify-rust.
- Makedependency: rust包
- Build with:
cargo build
- Run with:
target/debug/hello_world
orcargo run
Cargo.toml
[package] name = "hello_world" version = "0.1.0" [dependencies] notify-rust = "^3"
src/main.rs
extern crate notify_rust; use notify_rust::Notification; fn main(){ Notification::new() .summary("Hello world") .body("This is an example notification.") .icon("dialog-information") .show().unwrap(); }
Scala[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: java-gnomeAUR (and scalaAUR)
- Makedependency: scalaAUR
- Build with:
scalac -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar -d HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld.scala
- Run with:
java -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar:HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld
(orscala -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar HelloWorld.scala
)
HelloWorld.scala
import org.gnome.gtk._ import org.gnome.notify._ object HelloWorld { def main(args: Array[String]) { Gtk.init(args) Notify.init("Hello world") var Hello = new Notification("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information") Hello.show() } }
Vala[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
hello_world.vala
using GLib; public class HelloWorld { static void main () { var Application = new GLib.Application ("hello.world", GLib.ApplicationFlags.FLAGS_NONE); Application.register (); var Notification = new GLib.Notification ("Hello world"); Notification.set_body ("This is an example notification."); var Icon = new GLib.ThemedIcon ("dialog-information"); Notification.set_icon (Icon); Application.send_notification (null, Notification); } }
hello_world.vala
using Notify; public class HelloWorld { static void main () { Notify.init ("Hello world"); var Hello = new Notify.Notification("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information"); Hello.show (); } }
Visual Basic .NET[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Dependency: notify-sharp-3AUR
- Makedependency: mono-basicAUR
- Build with:
vbnc -r:/usr/lib/mono/notify-sharp-3.0/notify-sharp.dll hello_world.vb
- Run with:
mono hello_world.exe
hello_world.vb
Imports Notifications Public Class Hello Public Shared Sub Main Dim Hello As New Notification Hello.Summary = "Hello world!" Hello.Body = "This is an example notification." Hello.IconName = "dialog-information" Hello.Show End Sub End Class
提示和技巧[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
Replace previous notification[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
如果通知的ID已知,则可以替换通知;如果新的通知请求指定了相同的 ID,它将始终替换旧通知。(上面显示的 libnotify 绑定会自动处理此问题。)遗憾的是,notify-send 不会报告此 ID,因此需要替代工具才能在 CLI 上执行此操作。一个功能强大的 CLI 工具是 notify-send.py脚本,它提供 notify-send 语法以及额外的 ID 报告和替换功能。
但是,对于某些通知服务器(例如 Notify-OSD),您可以把string:x-canonical-private-synchronous:
的提示与 notify-send结合使用,以达到相同的结果。
例如,要获取通知的显示时间:
while true; do date=$(date) notify-send "$date" -h string:x-canonical-private-synchronous:my-notification sleep 1 done
包含按钮或侦听通知的关闭/单击事件[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
使用notify-send.py脚本,有显示按钮操作或监听通知的默认操作(通常是在用户单击通知时)和关闭操作。当 action-icons 提示设置为 true 并且通知守护程序支持此功能时,按钮将显示图标而不是文本。当相应的事件发生时,脚本会打印操作标识符或命令行的 “close”要监听默认操作 (on-click),必须使用 action-identfier “default”。
按钮上有图标的示例:
notify-send.py "Buttons" "Do you like em?" --hint boolean:action-icons:true --action yes:face-cool no:face-sick
具有D-Bus服务的多个通知服务器[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
如#独立通知部分所述,用户可以创建D-Bus服务,以便可以自动启动一个通知服务器。一些实现已经包含D-Bus服务文件。但是,当安装了多个通知服务器并且其中一些附带了D-Bus服务文件时,会导致问题。例如,同时安装了dunst包和 mako包,在没有明确指定服务器时,D-Bus会为用户选择一个,此选择不受用户控制。为避免这种情况,您可以通过创建org.freedesktop.Notifications.service
文件来覆盖服务 (请参阅 #独立通知)并指向要使用的服务,然后重新启动会话。
Systemd services失败的通知[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
要获得失败服务的通知,请在目标用户上安装并运行 systembus-notify包,并按照 systemd#通知失败的单元中给出的说明进行操作,但将failure-notification@
模板单元替换为下面的这个:
/etc/systemd/system/failure-notification@.service
[Unit] Description=Send a notification about a failed systemd unit After=Graphical.target [Service] Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/bin/dbus-send --system / net.nuetzlich.SystemNotifications.Notify 'string:%i' 'string:Unit failed'
遗憾的是,此解决方案尚不支持设置通知的紧急性或超时,请参阅此问题。
故障排除[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
应用程序挂起整整一分钟[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
如果应用程序在尝试显示通知时挂起,可能是因为D-Bus服务错误地发布了通知服务的其可用性。 例如,假设一个用户最近安装了一个需要plasma-workspace包的 KDE组件,但该用户仍在运行XFCE。在这种情况下,KDE通知器将被优先考虑,但用户没有运行它。应用程序将在等待服务时挂起,只有在超时后才会回退到xfce4-notifyd包。
最明显的挂起可能是来自音量指示器滚动调整。
如果您处于这种情况,您应该有两个通知处理程序:
$ find /usr/share/dbus-1/services/ -name '*Notif*'
org.kde.plasma.Notifications.service org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifications.service
在这两个应用程序中,一个在 1 分钟超时后经常失败,如journal日志中所示:
# journalctl -g notif
Jul 01 09:40:49 laptop dbus-daemon[866]: [session uid=1000 pid=866] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.Notifications' requested by ':1.193' (uid=1000 pid=5432 comm="/usr/lib/xfce4/panel/wrapper-2.0 /usr/lib/xfce4/pa") Jul 01 09:41:49 laptop plasma_waitforname[6093]: org.kde.knotifications: WaitForName: Service was not registered within timeout Jul 01 09:41:49 laptop dbus-daemon[866]: [session uid=1000 pid=866] Activated service 'org.freedesktop.Notifications' failed: Process org.freedesktop.Notifications exited with status 1
按照 #具有D-Bus服务的多个通知服务器中所述选择要使用的服务来解决问题。
另请参阅[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Libnotify Reference Manual[失效链接 2024-07-30 ⓘ]
- C example (archived version)
- Python notification examples
- Python notify example (french article)