Codecs and containers

自维基百科Wikipedia, "编解码器（英语：codec）指的是一个能够对一个信号或者一个数据流进行编解码操作的设备或者程序。."

一般来说，编解码器被多媒体应用程序用来对音频或视频流进行编码或解码。为了播放编码后的数据流，用户必须确保安装了适当的编解码器。

这篇文章只关于编解码器及程式后端；见List of applications/Multimedia 以列举音视频播放器的选择如(MPlayer, mpv 和 VLC)

Requirements[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

播放常见的媒体需要

一个播放器
一个编解码器

并非永远需求安装编解码器如果你安装了一个媒体播放器.例如, MPlayer 提供了一个天文数字般的编解码器用于依赖并内建。

List of codecs[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

Audio[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

见Wikipedia:Comparison of audio coding formats.

Lossless audio codecs[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

Apple Lossless (ALAC) — 由苹果公司开发的无损音频压缩编解码器，部署在其所有的平台和设备上。

https://alac.macosforge.org/ || alac-git^AUR

FLAC — 自由的音频编解码器

https://xiph.org/flac/ || flac^包

WavPack — 无损的音频压缩格式，同时也有有损的hybrid mode.

https://www.wavpack.com/ || wavpack^包

Lossy audio codecs[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

Format		Encode	Decode
AAC		#AAC
ATSC A/52		aften^AUR	a52dec^包
CELT		celt^AUR
MPEG-1			libmad^包
MPEG-1	MP3	lame^包	libmad^包
Musepack (MPC)		– ¹	libmpcdec^包
Opus		opus^包
Vorbis		libvorbis^包
Speech codecs
AMR		opencore-amr^包
Speex		speex^包

mppenc is not packaged.

CELT — Open, royalty-free lossy audio codec, optimized for low latency.

http://www.celt-codec.org/ || celt^AUR

LAME — MP3 encoder and graphical frame analyzer.

https://lame.sourceforge.io/ || lame^包

liba52 — Free library for decoding ATSC A/52 (Dolby Digital) streams (lossy).

https://liba52.sourceforge.io/ || a52dec^包

libdca — Free library for decoding DTS Coherent Acoustics streams.

https://www.videolan.org/developers/libdca.html || libdca^包

MAD — High-quality MPEG audio decoder.

https://www.underbit.com/products/mad/ || libmad^包

Musepack (MPC) — Open source lossy audio codec, designed for transparency.

https://musepack.net/ || libmpcdec^包

opencore-amr — Open source implementation of the Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) speech codec.

https://sourceforge.net/projects/opencore-amr/ || opencore-amr^包

Opus — Open, royalty-free, lossy audio codec, designed for speech and general audio coding and low latency.

https://www.opus-codec.org/ || opus^包

Speex — Patent-free, lossy audio compression format designed for speech.

https://www.speex.org/ || speex^包

Vorbis — Open, patent-free, lossy audio codec.

https://xiph.org/vorbis/ || libvorbis^包

Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a proprietary audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at the same bit rate.

FAAC — Proprietary AAC audio encoder.

http://faac.sourceforge.net/ || faac^包

FAAD2 — ISO AAC audio decoder.

http://faac.sourceforge.net/ || faad2^包

Fraunhofer FDK AAC — OpenCORE Framework implementation Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) encoder. Modified library of Fraunhofer AAC decoder and encoder.

https://sourceforge.net/projects/opencore-amr/ || libfdk-aac^包 (codec library) fdkaac^包 (CLI frontend for libfdk-aac)

Nero AAC — Nero AAC reference quality MPEG-4 and 3GPP audio codec. (deprecated)

https://www.nero.com/ || neroaac-bin^AUR

Image codecs[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

JasPer — Software-based implementation of the codec specified in the emerging JPEG-2000 Part-1 standard.

https://www.ece.uvic.ca/~frodo/jasper/ || jasper^包

OpenJPEG — Open source JPEG 2000 codec.

https://www.openjpeg.org/ || openjpeg^AUR

WebP — An image format employing both lossy and lossless compression. It is currently developed by Google.

https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/ || libwebp^包

AV1 Image File Format (AVIF) — Image format based on the AV1 video codec.

https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif || libavif^包

High Efficiency Image File Format (HEIF) — Image format based on the HEVC video codec. Often in a HEIC container.

https://github.com/strukturag/libheif || libheif^包

Video codecs[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

Format	Codec Libraries
AV1	aom^包, dav1d^包 (decode), rav1e^包 (encode), svt-av1^包
AVS2	davs2^AUR (decode)
Daala	daala-git^AUR
Dirac	schroedinger^包
DV	libdv^包
H.265	x265^包, x265-hg^AUR
H.265	libde265^包, libde265-git^AUR
H.264	x264^包, x264-git^AUR
MPEG-1	libmpeg2^包 (decode)
MPEG-2	libmpeg2^包 (decode)
MPEG-4	Xvid (xvidcore^包)
Theora	libtheora^包
VP8, VP9	libvpx^包, libvpx-git^AUR

AV1 — AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) is successor codec to Google's VP9, Mozilla's Daala, Cisco's Thor. aom is the reference implementation of both encoding and decoding. dav1d is the performance focused decoder. rav1e is performance focused encoder. Most benchmark show better performances with svt-av1 than rav1e.

https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-spec/ || aom^包, dav1d^包, rav1e^包, svt-av1^包

Daala — Research video codec under development by the Xiph.Org Foundation and sponsored by the Mozilla Foundation. The goal of the project is to provide a free to implement, use and distribute digital media format and reference implementation with technical performance superior to h.265.

https://www.xiph.org/daala/ || daala-git^AUR

libde265 — Open source implementation of the h.265 video codec.

https://github.com/strukturag/libde265 || libde265^包

libdv — The Quasar DV codec (libdv) is a software codec for DV video.

http://libdv.sourceforge.net/ || libdv^包

libmpeg2 — Library for decoding MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video streams.

https://libmpeg2.sourceforge.io/ || libmpeg2^包

Schrödinger — Advanced royalty-free video compression format designed for a wide range of uses, from delivering low-resolution web content to broadcasting HD and beyond, to near-lossless studio editing.

https://launchpad.net/schroedinger/ || schroedinger^包

Theora — Open video codec developed by the Xiph.org.

https://www.theora.org/ || libtheora^包

VP9 — High-quality, open video format for the web that's freely available to everyone. Improved version of earlier VP8 codec.

https://www.webmproject.org || libvpx^包

x264 — Free library for encoding H264/AVC video streams.

https://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html || x264^包

x265 — Open-source project and free application library for encoding video streams into the H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) format.

https://www.x265.org/ || x265^包

Xvid — Open source MPEG-4 video codec.

https://www.xvid.com/ || xvidcore^包

Container format tools[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

MKVToolNix — Set of tools to create, edit and inspect Matroska files.

https://mkvtoolnix.download/ || mkvtoolnix-cli^包, mkvtoolnix-gui^包

MP4Joiner — A collection of GUI tools to manipulate MP4 files (MP4Joiner, MP4Splitter).

https://www.mp4joiner.org/ || mp4joiner^AUR

OGMtools — Information, extraction or creation for OGG media streams.

https://www.bunkus.org/videotools/ogmtools || ogmtools^包

Backends[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

GStreamer[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

From https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/:

GStreamer is a library for constructing graphs of media-handling components. The applications it supports range from simple Ogg/Vorbis playback, audio/video streaming to complex audio (mixing) and video (non-linear editing) processing.

Simply, GStreamer is a backend or framework utilized by many media applications. See GStreamer article.

xine[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

From https://sourceforge.net/projects/xine/:

xine is a free multimedia player. It plays back CDs, DVDs, BluRays and VCDs. It also decodes multimedia files like AVI, MOV, WMV, and MP3 from local disk drives, and displays multimedia streamed over the Internet.

As an alternative to GStreamer, many media players can be configured to utilize the xine backend provided by xine-lib^包.

Note that the xine project itself provides a capable video player, xine-ui^包.

libavcodec[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

libavcodec is part of the FFmpeg project. It includes a large number of video and audio codecs. The libavcodec codecs are included with media players such as MPlayer and VLC, so you may not need to install the ffmpeg^包 package itself.

Tips and tricks[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

No H264, mpg4 or Musepack (.mpc) in Totem Player[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

If you see the "The H264 plugin is missing" warning with Totem media player, 安装 gst-libav^包.

No H264 in Parole Player[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

If you see the "Parole needs H.264 decoder to play this file" warning with Parole media player, 安装 gst-libav^包.